2001 southern Peru earthquake
UTC time | 2001-06-23 20:33:14 |
---|---|
ISC event | 1893467 |
USGS-ANSS | ComCat |
Local date | June 23, 2001 |
Local time | 15:33 |
Magnitude | 8.4 Mw[1] |
Depth | 32 km (20 mi) [1] |
Epicenter | 16°22′S 73°29′W / 16.36°S 73.48°W [1] |
Type | Megathrust |
Areas affected | Peru |
Max. intensity | MMI VIII (Severe) [2] |
Tsunami | 7 m (23 ft) [3] |
Casualties | 74–145 dead 2,687–2,713 injured [2] |
The 2001 southern Peru earthquake occurred at 20:33:15
Tectonic setting
Peru lies above the
Earthquake
The earthquake occurred as a result of thrust faulting along the plate boundary interface. The initial onset consisted of two events separated by about 6 seconds. It was followed by at least one larger complex event occurring about 40 seconds later.[2] The rupture area as determined from the distribution of aftershocks was 320 km x 100 km. The rupture propagated unilaterally from the hypocenter towards the southeast.[6] The earthquake resulting in many instances of ground failure effects. These ground failure effects included landslides, collapsed drainage banks, ground cracking and more. These failures can have long term effects on the landscape and the local habitats.[7]
Tsunami
The size and location of the earthquake caused a local tsunami in Peru as well as smaller tsunamis in other countries and on other continents.[8] The magnitude of the local tsunami that was caused by the earthquake was measured as Mt=8.2 by the Earthquake Research Institute and waves from the local tsunami were recorded to be 5 to 8 meters high.[9] The local tsunami that occurred in Peru caused great damage to a 20 km section of coastline located in the municipality of Camana and as a result over 3,000 structures were destroyed or damaged, around 5,000 acres of farmland were covered in sand. Although great damage occurred to structures in the area, the loss of human life could have been much greater had this event occurred in the summer when the area is highly populated by tourists. Another factor that greatly reduced the loss of life was the fact that a majority of the population is knowledgeable about earthquakes and their resulting tsunamis. Many of the residents felt the earthquake as well as noticed the receding water and had the ability to evacuate to higher ground to avoid the resulting tsunami.[10] The largest non-local tsunamis occurred in Chile and waves reached heights of 257 cm. Other areas that also recorded tsunamis associated with the earthquake include the Galapagos Islands, Mexico, California, Hawaii, Alaska, Fiji, Samoan Islands, Japan, New Zealand, Tonga, and Russia.[8]
Damage and casualties
At least 74 people were killed, including 26 killed by a
Relief
The Government of Peru and the National Institute of Civil Defence (INDECI) were at the center of relief efforts after the earthquake and tsunami. At least 36,000 homes were damaged with another minimum of 24,000 homes destroyed. This was particularly concerning due to the weather being able to go below freezing temperatures in some of the areas. After a state of emergency was declared in some affected areas on the 24th of June, International assistance was requested by the Government of Peru and a total of $215 million was allocated with $70 million going to relief and $140 million going to reconstruction. Most of the funds were gotten from loans and were split between the different ministries of Government to provide aid and relief efforts. Multilateral Organizations including UNICEF, the United Nations and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red crescent societies. In addition numerous governments provided aid in form of either resources or money. These governments include but are not limited to Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Uruguay, Venezuela, Belgium, France, USA, Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the European Union Humanitarian Aid Office and the United Kingdom.[12]
See also
References
- ^ a b c ISC (2016), ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2012), Version 3.0, International Seismological Centre
- ^ a b c d e f USGS. "M 8.4 - 6 km SSW of Atico, Peru". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ USGS (September 4, 2009), PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog, Version 2008_06.1, United States Geological Survey, archived from the original on 2020-03-13
- ISBN 9780784406618. Archived from the originalon 2013-04-14.
- ISSN 1170-0777. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
- S2CID 28025654.
- PMID 15263069.
- ^ a b Service, National Weather. "National Weather Service - Tsunami Hazards". www.tsunami.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ^ "Preliminary Analysis of the Tsunami Generated by the June 23, 2001 Peru Earthquake". www.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- Bibcode:2001AGUFM.S52A0617D.
- ^ "Initial Report on 23 June 2001 Arequipa, Peru Earthquake" (PDF). eeri.org. July 3, 2001. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
- ^ "Peru - Earthquake Fact Sheet #6, Fiscal Year (FY) 2001 - Peru". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
External links
- (in Spanish) Análisis del Terremoto del Sur del Perú, 23 de Junio 2001, Mw= 8.4 Utilizando Datos Locales
- The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
- ReliefWeb's main page for this event.