1921 Russian Supreme Soviet election

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Elections to the 9th

Workers Opposition and monarchists, recent failure of a "communist uprising" in Germany (so called March Action), all while the fierce Russian Civil War continued unabated.[11][12][13][14]

As the Bolshevik party, later called the

All-Union Congress of Soviets would serve as the unicameral legislature for the whole Soviet state, a position it would occupy until 1938 when the Supreme Soviet of Russia
would be created.

Conduct

The elections were considered to be a "semi-free" by some[

Bolshevik candidates could stand for office.[19][20][21][22][23]

References

  1. ^ Sheila Fitzpatrick, Education and Social Mobility in the Soviet Union 1921-1934, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979, p. 31, 88, 128, 132, 193.
  2. ^ The village and volost Soviet elections of 1919.
  3. ^ Nikolai Bukharin of the Russian People's Commissary, "Soviets or Parliament," 1919.
  4. ^ Amadeo Bordiga, The System of Communist Representation, May 1919.
  5. ^ Mary McAuley, Bread and Justice: State and Society in Petrograd 1917-1922.
  6. ^ USSR: Communist Party: 1917-1919.
  7. ^ Joseph Stalin, "Results of the Petrograd Municipal Elections," June 15, 1917.
  8. ^ The New York Times, "END OF THE SOVIET UNION; Gorbachev's Six Tumultuous Years at Soviet Helm," December 26, 1991.
  9. Rasma Karklins, "Soviet Elections Revisited: Voter Abstention in Noncompetitive Voting
    ."
  10. ^ Jonathan Smele,The Russian Revolution and Civil War 1917-1921: An Annotated Bibliography, London: Continuum, 2003, p. 143, 155, 378, 391, 428, 518.
  11. ^ Fitzpatrick, Sheila. 1999. Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 23.
  12. ^ Voline, The Unknown Revolution, 1917-1921, New York: Black Rose Books, 1990, p. 481.
  13. ^ Martin Mccauley, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union, New York: Routledge, 2013, reprint, p. 52-53, 58, 60, 62, 64, 88-90, 91, 118, 123, 131, 482, 484, 488.
  14. ^ The Russian Revolution and the Soviet State 1917–1921: Documents, ed. Martin McCauley, London: MacMillan Press, 1980, reprint, p. xxii, xxx, 13, 19, 21, 63, 66, 68, 113, 116, 179, 311.
  15. ^ L.S. Srivastava and V.P. Joshi, "International Relations: From 1914 to the Present Day", India: Goel Publishing House, 2005, Ninth Edition, p. 148.
  16. ^ Martin Mccauley, The Soviet Union 1917-1991, New York: Routledge, 1993, Second Edition, p. 40.
  17. ^ Islamic Education in the Soviet Union and Its Successor States, ed. Michael Kemper, Raoul Motika, and Stefan Reichmuth, New York: Routledge, 2010, p. 80.
  18. ^ Simon Pirani, The Russian Revolution in Retreat, 1920–24: Soviet Workers and the New Communist Elite, New York: Routledge, 2008, p. 8
  19. ^ Allan Todd, History for the IB Diploma Paper 3: The Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Russia (1924-2000), Second Edition, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2016, p. 220.
  20. ^ Allan Todd, History for the IB Diploma: Communism in Crisis 1976-89, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 100
  21. ^ Guide to the Boris I. Nicolaevsky Collection in the Hoover Institution Archives Part I, compiled by Anna M. Bourguina and Michael Jakobson, Stanford University: Hoover Institution, 1989, p. 7, 9, 14.
  22. ^ Simon Pirani, The Russian Revolution in Retreat, 1920–24: Soviet Workers and the New Communist Elite, New York: Routledge, 2008, p. 8, 40, 51, 69, 85-86, 93, 96-102, 119.
  23. ^ A Dream Deferred: New Studies in Russian and Soviet Labour History, ed. Donald A. Filtzer, Wendy Z. Goldman, Gijs Kessler, and Simon Pirani, Bern: Peter Lang, 2008, p. 96, 115-116, 488.
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