2011 Russian legislative election
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All 450 seats in the State Duma 226 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 60.10% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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Legislative elections were held in
won the elections with 49.32% of the vote, taking 238 seats or 52.88% of the Duma seats.This result was down from 64.30% of the vote and 70% of the seats in the 2007 elections. The
United Russia lost the
The election received various assessments from abroad: positive from the
The Central Electoral Commission issued a report on 3 February 2012, in which it said that it received a total of 1686 reports on irregularities, of which only 195 (11.5%) were confirmed true after investigation, a third (584) actually contained questions about the unclear points of electoral law, and only 60 complaints claimed falsifications of the elections results.
Statistical analysis of poll data have shown massive abnormalities that most researchers explain by mass-scale electoral fraud.[8][9][10][11][12][13]
Electoral system
The threshold for eligibility to win seats is 7.0 percent. In addition, a party which receives between 5.0 and 6.0 percent will get 1 seat in the Duma and those which receive between 6.0 and 7.0 percent will get 2 seats.[14]
Political parties
All seven registered political parties were approved to participate in the elections. Parties which were present in the State Duma (United Russia, Communist Party, Liberal Democratic Party and A Just Russia) were automatically eligible to participate in the elections. Other parties needed to present at least 150,000 signatures (with a maximum of 5000 signatures per region) to the Central Electoral Commission before 19 October.[15][16]
Ballot number |
Party | Party leader | No. 1 in party list | Conventions date[17] | Ideology | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | A Just Russia
|
Nikolai Levichev | Sergey Mironov | 24 September 2011 | Democratic Socialism
| |
2 | Liberal Democratic Party of Russia | Vladimir Zhirinovsky | Vladimir Zhirinovsky | 13 September 2011 | Anti-Communism
| |
3 | Patriots of Russia | Gennady Semigin | Gennady Semigin | 10 September 2011 | Left-wing Nationalism
| |
4 | Communist Party of the Russian Federation | Gennady Zyuganov | Gennady Zyuganov | 24 September 2011 | Communism / Left-wing nationalism | |
5 | Yabloko | Sergey Mitrokhin | Grigory Yavlinsky | 10–11 September 2011 | Social liberalism Pro-Europeanism | |
6 | United Russia | Vladimir Putin | Dmitry Medvedev | 23–24 September 2011 | Statism / Centrism | |
7 | Right Cause
|
Andrey Dunaev | Andrey Dunaev | 20 September 2011 | Economic Liberalism
|
Campaign
There was relatively little sign of campaign activity on the ground: few posters, few street
United Russia
The main parliamentary party, the ruling United Russia headed by Vladimir Putin (he is not a member of the party, yet he is its leader), went into the next elections with a renewed platform. Putin announced the creation of a pre-election People's Front to allow non-party candidates (up to 25%) to win election on the United Russia ticket. At the party conference which nominated Putin to the presidency and Medvedev to head the party list leader, the pre-election program was published, with 8 basic guidelines:[18]
- Modernize the economy, the technical-military industry.
- Fulfill social obligations. Raise salaries, pensions, and increase grants. Combat poverty and modernize public health services.
- Eradicate corruption. Achieve transparencyin bureaucrat's salaries, state purchases, and measures taken by ministries and departments.
- Strengthen the terrorist acts.
- Support international and interfaith peace. Fight against illegal migration, ethnic crime, and displays of xenophobia and separatism. Support the free growth of all cultures and all confessional traditions of the peoples of Russia.
- Develop a modern political system which will allow everyone including the smallest social groups to be heard and included in state and social administration processes and to be assured that there are no people without rights or protections in the country.
- Ensure our internal and external security with an effective Armed Forces. Raise the prestige of serving in the army, the navy, and law enforcement agencies.
- An independent and rational domestic policy ultimately pursues only one goal: to improve the Eurasian Union.
This program was reportedly constructed from excerpts taken from speeches previously given by Prime Minister Putin and President Medvedev.
United Russia Party Chairman Putin and
A Just Russia
A Just Russia (Russian: Spravedlivaya Rossia) hoped that being "persecuted by the authorities" will give it a more useful oppositional image. The party managed to turn itself into a credible receptacle for anti-United Russia votes through an aggressive campaign attacking the party. While some of its critical ads were blocked, it still managed to air others that blasted official corruption and declared that "swindlers and thieves" (a clear implicit reference to United Russia) were not needed.[20]
The Communist Party
In its programme entitled "The majority is destined to win. Return the Motherland stolen from us!", the CPRF promoted a stronger role of the state in the political and social sphere and the
The Liberal Democratic party
In the run-up to this election, the party had been highlighting the need to defend the interests of ethnic Russians, although it had generally been careful not to cross the line into openly nationalist rhetoric.[22]
Opinion polls
Polling firm | Fieldwork date | United Russia | Communist Party | Liberal Democratic Party |
A Just Russia
|
Yabloko | Patriots of Russia |
Right Cause
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VCIOM[23]
|
November 2010 | 62.9% | 11.9% | 6.9% | 8.9% | 3.9% | 2.8% | 2.6% |
Levada[24] | January 2011 | 57% | 20% | 9% | 6% | <1% | <1% | <1% |
Levada[25] | February 2011 | 60% | 16% | 11% | 4% | 1% | <1% | <1% |
Levada[26] | March 2011 | 57% | 18% | 10% | 7% | 1% | <1% | <1% |
Levada[27] | April 2011 | 55% | 18% | 12% | 6% | 2% | <1% | <1% |
VCIOM[28] | April 2011 | 58.7% | 13.6% | 9.1% | 9.8% | 2.7% | 1.8% | 2.9% |
Levada[29] | May 2011 | 57% | 17% | 14% | 4% | 1% | <1% | <1% |
Levada[30] | June 2011 | 53% | 17% | 13% | 5% | 1% | 1% | 2% |
VCIOM[31] | June 2011 | 58.3% | 14.7% | 9.8% | 7.3% | 2.8% | 1.9% | 4.1% |
Levada[32] | July 2011 | 54% | 18% | 12% | 7% | 2% | <1% | 2% |
Levada[33] | August 2011 | 54% | 18% | 13% | 6% | 1% | 1% | 3% |
VCIOM[34] | August 2011 | 55.0% | 16.4% | 10.8% | 7.1% | 2.5% | 2.1% | 4.9% |
Levada[35] | September 2011 | 57% | 16% | 12% | 6% | 3% | 1% | 2% |
Levada[35] | 30 September– 2 October 2011 |
59% | 18% | 9% | 7% | 1% | 1% | 2% |
VCIOM[36] | October 2011 | 53.8% | 17.1% | 11.3% | 7.9% | 3.3% | 2.0% | 2.1% |
Levada[37] | 21–24 October 2011 | 60% | 17% | 11% | 5% | 2% | <1% | 1% |
Levada[37] | 28 October– 1 November 2011 |
51% | 20% | 14% | 7% | 4% | <1% | 1% |
VCIOM[38] | 7 November 2011 | 53.3% | 17.4% | 12% | 8.3% | 3.3% | 1.8% | 2.2% |
Levada[39] | 11 November 2011 | 53% | 20% | 12% | 9% | 1% | <1% | 1% |
VCIOM[40] | 19–20 November 2011 | 53.7% | 16.7% | 11.6% | 10% | 2.9% | 1.6% | 1.7% |
Conduct
Alleged foreign involvement
In the pre-election campaign period the
On 1 December 2011 prosecutors in Moscow served GOLOS with papers alleging that the organisation had portrayed an unnamed political party in a bad light. The unnamed party has been identified as being United Russia.[citation needed] On 2 November a Moscow court fined GOLOS 30 000 roubles (then about US$1000) for violations of the electoral law of Russia.[clarification needed][47]
On 8 December, the news portal
Irregularities
During and after the election international media and local independent websites reported serious irregularities during the election, including
Reports by participating parties
Members of the A Just Russia, Yabloko and Communist parties reported that certain voters were shuttled between polling stations, casting several ballots. The Yabloko and Liberal Democratic parties reported that some of their observers had been banned from witnessing the sealing of the ballot boxes and from gathering video footage, and others groundlessly expelled from polling stations.[52]
Reports by independent groups and observers
At a number of polling stations throughout the country, observers reported that final results published by the Central Election Commission differed drastically from results recorded by observers, with the "official" numbers sometimes showing the United Russia vote inflated by a factor of two or three.[53][54][55] Carousel voting was also observed in many areas.
In Moscow, the opposition activist group Citizen Observer estimated that United Russia had stolen 17% of the popular vote from other parties.[56][57]
In Saint Petersburg, independent activist group Right to Elect ("Право выбора") attempted to register all differences between observers' protocols and the data of the Central Election Commission. They found that comparable shares of differences in votes were in favour not only of the United Russia, but of CPRF and LDPR parties as well (2.68%, 1.49% and 2.67% respectively as of the data on 13 December).[58][59]
Reports by international observers
International observers from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) documented numerous violations of electoral law.[60][61] They found that whilst the preparations for the elections were technically well administered, they were marked by a "convergence of the State and the governing party".[62] They said they witnessed "undue interference of state authorities", "partiality of most media" and "lack of independence of the election administration".[62] Denying registration to some political parties narrowed political competition, according to the OSCE.[62] The OCSE concluded that "This...did not provide the necessary conditions for fair electoral competition."[62] However, international observers from the Commonwealth of Independent States reported that the elections "were held legally and without serious violations."[63] Yet given government's control over the Central Electoral Commission and the exclusion of many independent observers from participation in monitoring voting and vote tabulation, it is exceedingly difficult to assess the degree of falsification in the election.[64]
Official reaction to the reports on irregularities
According to Vladimir Putin's Press Secretary, Dmitry Peskov, the known accumulated volume of all reports on falsifications affects no more than 0.5% of total votes, and so this could not be a basis to reconsider the results of the elections.[65]
Russia's President Dmitry Medvedev called for an investigation of all reports on irregularities, but voiced his disagreement with slogans and calls by the protesters on the post-election meetings.[65]
Other irregularities
Various Russian liberal news websites reported experiencing
The group's leader Lilya Shibanova was detained for twelve hours at Moscow's Sheremetyevo airport on 2 December, and released only after giving her laptop to security personnel there.[45]
Investigation of the reports on irregularities
Official reports to the Central Electoral Commission
The Central Electoral Commission issued a report on 3 February 2012, in which it said that it received the total of 1686 reports on irregularities, of which only 195 (11.5%) were confirmed true after investigation. About a third of reports (584) actually contained questions about the unclear points of electoral law rather than reports of irregularities, and there were only 60 complaints claiming falsifications of the elections results.[6]
Type of reports | Number[6] |
---|---|
Claims of illegal campaigning | 265 |
Claims of illegal actions on elections day | 235 |
Questions about the unclear points of electoral law | 584 |
Claims of usage of the 'administrative resource' | 110 |
Claims of falsification of the results | 60 |
Total reports | 1686 |
Confirmed reports | 195 |
Investigation of videos
On 4 February 2012 the Investigation Committee of the
Results
United Russia won the elections with a 49.32% share of votes (238 seats; 52.88% of Duma seats), down from 64.30% (70% of seats) in the 2007 elections. The
United Russia lost its
A Just Russia 8,695,522 | 13.46 | 64 | +26 | | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democratic Party | 7,664,570 | 11.86 | 56 | +16 | |||||
Yabloko | 2,252,403 | 3.49 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Patriots of Russia | 639,119 | 0.99 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Right Cause | 392,806 | 0.61 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Total | 64,623,062 | 100.00 | 450 | 0 | |||||
Valid votes | 64,623,062 | 98.43 | |||||||
Invalid/blank votes | 1,033,464 | 1.57 | |||||||
Total votes | 65,656,526 | 100.00 | |||||||
Registered voters/turnout | 109,237,780 | 60.10 | |||||||
Source: CEC |
By region
Region | Turnout | UR | CPRF | SR
|
LDPR
|
Yabloko | PR | RC
|
Invalid ballots |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primorsky Krai | 48.8% | 33.3% | 23.2% | 18.1% | 18.7% | 3.0% | 0.9% | 0.5% | 2.4% |
Khabarovsk Krai | 53.0% | 38.1% | 20.5% | 14.1% | 19.8% | 3.7% | 1.4% | 0.7% | 1.7% |
Amur Oblast | 53.7% | 43.5% | 19.2% | 10.3% | 21.0% | 1.9% | 1.7% | 0.7% | 1.7% |
Yakutia
|
59.3% | 49.2% | 16.4% | 21.8% | 8.5% | 1.7% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 1.2% |
Sakhalin Oblast | 48.7% | 41.9% | 23.4% | 11.8% | 16.0% | 3.4% | 1.2% | 0.7% | 1.6% |
Kamchatka Krai | 53.1% | 45.3% | 17.1% | 10.1% | 18.6% | 4.1% | 2.2% | 0.6% | 2.1% |
Magadan Oblast | 50.6% | 41.0% | 22.8% | 11.6% | 17.4% | 3.5% | 1.9% | 0.8% | 1.3% |
Jewish Autonomous Oblast | 52.0% | 48.1% | 19.8% | 10.5% | 15.7% | 1.9% | 0.9% | 0.5% | 2.5% |
Chukotka | 74.2% | 70.3% | 6.7% | 5.4% | 11.2% | 1.7% | 0.9% | 0.7% | 3.1% |
Krasnoyarsk Krai | 49.4% | 36.7% | 23.6% | 15.9% | 17.0% | 3.2% | 1.0% | 0.9% | 1.8% |
Irkutsk Oblast | 47.2% | 34.9% | 27.8% | 13.4% | 17.3% | 3.4% | 1.2% | 0.6% | 1.4% |
Zabaykalsky Krai | 53.6% | 43.3% | 18.6% | 14.1% | 19.2% | 1.7% | 1.1% | 0.5% | 1.5% |
Buryatia | 56.7% | 49.0% | 24.3% | 12.6% | 9.5% | 1.9% | 0.8% | 0.4% | 1.5% |
Khakassia | 56.2% | 40.1% | 23.6% | 13.7% | 16.0% | 2.7% | 1.6% | 0.6% | 1.6% |
Tuva | 83.7% | 85.3% | 3.9% | 6.7% | 2.1% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 1.0% |
Novosibirsk Oblast | 56.8% | 33.8% | 30.3% | 12.7% | 15.7% | 4.3% | 1.1% | 0.7% | 1.4% |
Kemerovo Oblast | 69.7% | 64.6% | 10.5% | 7.9% | 12.1% | 2.2% | 0.8% | 0.4% | 1.5% |
Altai Krai | 51.4% | 37.2% | 24.7% | 16.1% | 16.6% | 2.4% | 0.7% | 0.4% | 1.9% |
Omsk Oblast | 55.7% | 39.6% | 25.6% | 13.4% | 14.2% | 3.5% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 1.9% |
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | 53.1% | 41.0% | 16.1% | 13.8% | 22.5% | 2.8% | 1.3% | 0.6% | 1.8% |
Tyumen Oblast | 53.1% | 65.1% | 11.2% | 6.8% | 12.9% | 1.7% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 1.0% |
Tomsk Oblast | 50.5% | 37.5% | 22.4% | 13.4% | 17.8% | 4.7% | 1.3% | 1.0% | 1.9% |
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 75.6% | 71.7% | 6.6% | 4.7% | 13.6% | 1.2% | 0.7% | 0.4% | 1.1% |
Altai | 62.8% | 53.3% | 21.5% | 10.3% | 10.6% | 1.5% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 1.3% |
Sverdlovsk Oblast | 51.0% | 32.7% | 16.8% | 24.7% | 16.0% | 4.3% | 0.9% | 2.1% | 2.5% |
Bashkortostan | 79.3% | 70.5% | 15.6% | 5.5% | 5.2% | 1.2% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 1.0% |
Chelyabinsk Oblast | 59.5% | 49.4% | 14.9% | 16.9% | 12.1% | 3.5% | 1.0% | 0.6% | 1.7% |
Perm Krai | 48.0% | 36.3% | 21.0% | 16.4% | 17.9% | 4.3% | 1.1% | 0.8% | 2.2% |
Orenburg Oblast | 51.2% | 34.9% | 26.2% | 16.8% | 16.9% | 2.4% | 1.0% | 0.4% | 1.4% |
Udmurtia | 56.6% | 45.1% | 19.5% | 11.2% | 16.6% | 2.8% | 2.5% | 0.7% | 1.5% |
Kurgan Oblast | 56.5% | 44.4% | 19.6% | 14.5% | 16.9% | 2.0% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 1.3% |
Tatarstan | 79.5% | 77.8% | 10.6% | 5.3% | 3.5% | 1.1% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.9% |
Samara Oblast | 52.9% | 39.1% | 23.3% | 14.5% | 15.8% | 3.8% | 1.2% | 0.5% | 2.0% |
Saratov Oblast | 67.2% | 64.9% | 13.8% | 10.1% | 7.2% | 1.7% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 1.4% |
Volgograd Oblast | 51.8% | 36.2% | 22.9% | 21.3% | 13.3% | 3.3% | 1.1% | 0.6% | 1.4% |
Penza Oblast | 64.9% | 56.3% | 19.8% | 8.7% | 10.1% | 2.1% | 0.7% | 0.4% | 1.9% |
Ulyanovsk Oblast | 60.4% | 43.6% | 23.1% | 15.6% | 12.6% | 2.3% | 1.0% | 0.5% | 1.4% |
Astrakhan Oblast | 55.6% | 58.1% | 14.3% | 15.2% | 8.5% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.3% | 1.7% |
Kalmykia | 63.2% | 66.1% | 18.4% | 7.2% | 4.0% | 1.4% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 1.6% |
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast | 59.2% | 45.0% | 28.5% | 10.5% | 10.6% | 2.8% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 1.3% |
Kirov Oblast | 54.1% | 34.9% | 22.7% | 19.8% | 16.7% | 2.7% | 1.2% | 0.6% | 1.5% |
Chuvashia | 61.6% | 43.4% | 20.9% | 18.8% | 10.7% | 1.6% | 1.3% | 0.4% | 2.9% |
Mordovia | 94.2% | 91.6% | 4.5% | 1.3% | 1.5% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.5% |
Mari El | 71.3% | 52.2% | 20.7% | 10.6% | 11.7% | 2.0% | 0.9% | 0.6% | 1.3% |
Krasnodar Krai | 72.8% | 56.3% | 17.5% | 10.8% | 10.4% | 2.0% | 0.9% | 0.5% | 1.6% |
Rostov Oblast | 59.4% | 50.2% | 20.8% | 13.3% | 10.2% | 2.9% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 1.3% |
Dagestan | 81.1% | 82.8% | 11.3% | 2.7% | 1.9% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.4% |
Stavropol Krai | 50.8% | 49.2% | 18.4% | 11.8% | 15.3% | 2.1% | 0.9% | 0.4% | 1.9% |
Chechnya | 98.6% | 99.48% | 0.09% | 0.18% | 0.02% | 0.05% | 0.07% | 0.04% | 0.07% |
North Ossetia | 85.6% | 67.9% | 21.7% | 6.0% | 2.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 1.2% |
Kabardino-Balkaria | 98.2% | 81.3% | 18.2% | 0.2% | 0.08% | 0.07% | 0.03% | 0.04% | 0.04% |
Adygea | 65.9% | 61.0% | 18.2% | 8.5% | 7.8% | 1.8% | 0.9% | 0.5% | 1.4% |
Karachay-Cherkessia | 93.2% | 89.8% | 8.8% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% |
Ingushetia | 86.2% | 91.0% | 2.9% | 2.3% | 0.4% | 0.8% | 0.3% | 1.5% | 0.8% |
Moscow | 61.7% | 46.6% | 19.3% | 12.1% | 9.4% | 8.5% | 1.3% | 0.8% | 1.7% |
Moscow Oblast | 50.7% | 32.5% | 25.9% | 16.0% | 14.4% | 6.1% | 1.3% | 1.0% | 2.8% |
Vladimir Oblast | 48.9% | 38.3% | 20.5% | 21.5% | 12.9% | 3.5% | 1.1% | 0.6% | 1.5% |
Tula Oblast | 72.8% | 61.3% | 15.1% | 8.5% | 9.2% | 3.5% | 0.8% | 0.4% | 1.2% |
Tver Oblast | 53.4% | 38.4% | 23.2% | 19.8% | 11.7% | 3.8% | 1.2% | 0.5% | 1.3% |
Yaroslavl Oblast | 55.9% | 29.0% | 24.0% | 22.6% | 15.5% | 4.8% | 1.8% | 0.7% | 1.6% |
Bryansk Oblast | 59.9% | 50.1% | 23.3% | 11.2% | 10.6% | 2.0% | 0.9% | 0.4% | 1.4% |
Ryazan Oblast | 52.7% | 39.8% | 23.6% | 15.1% | 15.1% | 3.1% | 1.2% | 0.7% | 1.6% |
Ivanovo Oblast | 52.9% | 40.1% | 22.5% | 15.6% | 14.8% | 3.5% | 1.2% | 0.8% | 1.5% |
Smolensk Oblast | 49.6% | 36.2% | 24.2% | 18.6% | 14.8% | 2.9% | 1.1% | 0.5% | 1.6% |
Kaluga Oblast | 57.5% | 40.5% | 21.9% | 15.6% | 14.4% | 4.1% | 1.4% | 0.6% | 1.6% |
Oryol Oblast | 64.7% | 38.9% | 32.0% | 11.2% | 12.2% | 2.1% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 1.8% |
Kostroma Oblast | 58.6% | 34.2% | 28.0% | 18.0% | 15.4% | 1.8% | 0.9% | 0.4% | 1.3% |
Voronezh Oblast | 64.3% | 49.5% | 21.8% | 14.4% | 8.8% | 2.2% | 0.8% | 0.4% | 1.9% |
Belgorod Oblast | 75.5% | 51.2% | 22.4% | 11.6% | 9.6% | 2.1% | 1.0% | 0.4% | 1.6% |
Kursk Oblast | 54.7% | 45.7% | 20.7% | 14.4% | 13.5% | 2.3% | 1.4% | 0.5% | 1.5% |
Lipetsk Oblast | 57.1% | 40.3% | 22.8% | 16.6% | 14.3% | 2.5% | 0.9% | 0.5% | 1.9% |
Tambov Oblast | 68.3% | 66.7% | 16.5% | 6.0% | 7.1% | 1.4% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 1.5% |
Arkhangelsk Oblast | 49.8% | 31.9% | 20.2% | 22.1% | 18.2% | 4.5% | 1.2% | 0.8% | 1.2% |
Vologda Oblast | 56.3% | 33.4% | 16.8% | 27.1% | 15.4% | 3.5% | 1.3% | 0.7% | 1.8% |
Komi | 70.5% | 58.8% | 13.5% | 11.5% | 11.9% | 1.5% | 0.9% | 0.6% | 1.3% |
Murmansk Oblast | 51.8% | 32.0% | 21.8% | 19.7% | 18.1% | 4.7% | 1.2% | 0.6% | 1.9% |
Karelia | 50.2% | 32.3% | 19.3% | 20.6% | 17.9% | 6.2% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 1.9% |
Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 48.0% | 36.0% | 24.8% | 15.0% | 17.5% | 2.8% | 1.3% | 1.1% | 1.5% |
Saint Petersburg | 54.5% | 35.4% | 15.3% | 23.7% | 10.3% | 11.6% | 1.2% | 0.9% | 1.6% |
Leningrad Oblast | 51.8% | 33.7% | 17.3% | 25.1% | 14.7% | 4.9% | 1.2% | 0.6% | 2.5% |
Kaliningrad Oblast | 54.6% | 37.1% | 25.5% | 13.3% | 14.1% | 5.5% | 2.2% | 0.7% | 1.6% |
Pskov Oblast | 52.9% | 36.7% | 25.1% | 16.4% | 13.9% | 5.1% | 0.9% | 0.5% | 1.4% |
Novgorod Oblast | 56.7% | 35.3% | 19.0% | 28.2% | 11.6% | 2.7% | 0.9% | 0.5% | 1.8% |
Baikonur | 45.9% | 48.4% | 16.3% | 11.9% | 15.6% | 2.9% | 1.3% | 0.6% | 2.8% |
Total | 92.5% | 49.32% | 11.7% | 7.1% | 7.3% | 7.0% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 1.6% |
Reactions
- Russia: President Dmitry Medvedev has called for an investigation into the alleged fraud, but played down concerns, stating that "It's time to give the new parliament a chance to work and, of course, to investigate everything that happened."[69]
- not so long ago in Ukraine."[70] He said that "it is unacceptable when foreign money is pumped into election processes" and that Russia's sovereignty should be defended from foreign interference.[71] Putin also claimed that elections in the U. S. are much less liberal than in Russia and less open to independent observers.[72]
- Mikhail Gorbachev, the final Soviet leader, has called for new elections and stated that the election was slanted in favour of United Russia.[73] He has demanded a rerun, stating: "The country's leaders must admit there were numerous falsifications and rigging and the results do not reflect the peoples' will." He added: "I think [Russia's leaders] can only take one decision – annul the results of the election and hold a new one."[74]
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia called Clinton's and other U.S. officials' comments "unacceptable", and criticized the American support of "stereotypes" and the "placement of labels" without proper attempts at a serious analysis of the electoral situation in Russia. The Ministry also criticized the United States' own electoral system.[76]
Aftermath
On 4 November 2011, a month before elections, during the annual "
On 5 December, up to 8,000 opponents of the government began protesting in Moscow, denouncing Vladimir Putin and his government and what they believed were flawed elections. Protesters argued that the elections had been a sham and demanded that Putin step down, whilst some demanded revolution.[82][83]
On 6 December, 15,000 pro-United Russia activists marched near
The government and United Russia were supported by massive meetings of the youth organizations, such as a 15,000-strong rally of Nashi[84] and an 8,000 rally of the Young Guard on 6 December.[92] On 12 December, the 18th anniversary of the Constitution of Russia, a meeting of pro-Kremlin groups[who?] supported Putin and United Russia and celebrated the Constitution.[93]
Analysis
Comparison with exit polls and forecasts
It is not possible to compare exit polls to the numbers reported by the election commission because no nationwide exit polls were conducted outside of the government. The only nationwide exit polls were conducted by the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM) – the government-run polling organization controlled by the Labor Ministry. Therefore, there were no independent nationwide exit polls that took place during the elections.
However, United Russia's final result, 49.32%, not only coincided with the Central Election Commission's exit poll figure of 48.5%, but actually fell somewhat below the results of pre-election surveys by the Levada Center, the foremost non-governmental, independent polling and sociological research organization in Russia. Levada Center polls in September–November, listed above, found levels of support for United Russia between 51%[94] and 60%.[94]
The Election Commission reported that United Russia was also the leader in Moscow, with 46.5% of the vote. However, one early exit poll indicated that the share of United Russia was only 27%.[95] The difference was attributed by some journalists to election fraud.[96][97] The organization that provided the 27% figure subsequently withdrew its estimate, citing its low accuracy.[98][99]
A large number of violations captured on observers' mobile phones suggest that the numbers provided by the election commission were fraudulent. In one report from Moscow, a Yabloko observer captured the pre-filled final tabulation in the regional election commission showing 515 (75.8%) votes for United Russia for his election station No. 6, while the records of the station No. 6 showed mere 128 (18.9%) votes for United Russia.[100] This casts more doubts on the legitimacy of the figures of the exit polls and overall votes reported by the government.
Statistics
Analysis by the physicist Sergey Shpilkin published by
The Wall Street Journal, working with political scientists from the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago, published their own analysis of the election results, and pointed out a number of features which they believe indicate fraud. They estimate that as many as 14 million of the 65.7 million votes may be fraudulent.[104]
An article published in Polit Online
Further reading
- DeBardeleben, Joan (2013). The 2011–12 Russia elections: The next chapter in Russia's post-Communist tradition?. Routledge. pp. 3–18.
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External links
- WCIOM
- FOM
- Maps of election results and turnout. Infographics from Gazeta.ru.