1960 Taiwanese local elections

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1960 Taiwanese local elections
← 1957 24 April 1960 (1960-04-24) 1964 →
All 21 mayors/magistrates of cities, counties
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Leader Chiang Kai-shek Unclear[a] None
Party Kuomintang Democratic Socialist Independent
Popular vote 2,339,200 43,948 775,823
Percentage 72.02% 1.35% 23.89%
Swing Increase6.64pp
Mayors/
Magistrates 		19 1 1
Change Decrease1 Steady
  Kuomintang
  Independents
  Not up for election (Yangmingshan, Fuchien)

Local elections were held in

Taiwan Provincial Council
was held alongside the local elections to elect 73 councillors.

The ruling Kuomintang (KMT) controlled 19 administrative divisions after the election. Democratic Socialists (CDSP) were represented on city-level again after winning Keelung election, while Tangwai opposition was elected in Kaohsiung in the fallout of last election's controversial election fraud.

Summary

The list below shows the statistics of party membership of candidates standing in the election. Coloured box refers to the party membership of elected mayor or magistrate.

KMT CDSP Youth Ind
Taipei County
 1 1
Taipei City
 1 1
Keelung City
 1 1
Yilan County 1
Taoyuan County 1
Hsinchu County 1 1
Miaoli County 1
Taichung County 1 1
Taichung City
 1 1
Changhua County 1 2
Nantou County 1
Yunlin County 1 1
Chiayi County 1 1
Tainan County 1
Tainan City
 1 1
Kaohsiung County 1 1
Kaohsiung City
 1
Pingtung County 1
Hualien County 1 1
Taitung County 1 1
Penghu County
 1

Re-elected incumbents are: Huang Chi-jui (Taipei City), Hung Chiao-jung (Nantou County), Lin Chin-sheng (Yunlin County), Huang Tzung-kun (Chiayi County), Hu Lung-pao (Tainan County), Huang Tuo-jung (Taitung County).

Detailed results

Taipei

Magistrate of Taipei
CandidatePartyVotes%
謝文程Kuomintang189,86869.60
劉秉義Independent82,94830.40
Total272,816100.00
Valid votes272,81693.84
Invalid/blank votes17,9106.16
Total votes290,726100.00
Registered voters/turnout424,61368.47
Source: [1]

The anticipated political comeback of Henry Kao was at last abandoned in surprise. Kao first registered to run in the mayoral election in March before leaving for Europe and America, but he announced revoking his registration after he returned a month later.[2] Kao blamed Kuomintang for not allow supervision of vote counting, which he believed he could not prevent the party from rigging the election. But public speculated the withdrawal was related to his extramarital affairs.[3][4]

The sudden quit from the election frustrated some of his Tangwai colleague. Huang Hsin-chieh, later Taipei City Councillor and leader of Tangwai movement, for example, turned passive in helping Kao in the 1964 mayoral poll.[5]

Mayor of Taipei
CandidatePartyVotes%
Huang Chi-juiKuomintang217,31479.55
林清安Independent55,86020.45
Total273,174100.00
Valid votes273,17493.24
Invalid/blank votes19,7926.76
Total votes292,966100.00
Registered voters/turnout427,04168.60
Source: [6]

Keelung

Two potential candidates emerged within the Kuomintang for the mayoral election, Tsai Huo-pao (蔡火炮), Keelung-born Speaker of City Council, and Li Kuo-chun (李國俊), long-time head of local party branch from Hubei.[7] As mainland Chinese migrant (or waishengren) has already ruled Keelung for ten years, demands over a local mayor grew which gave rise to the favouring of Tsai.[8] Perhaps in light of this situation, Tsai was arrested for smuggling,[9] apparently by the secret police,[7] while Li was nominated by the party after green-light at the party headquarter from Chiang Ching-kuo, President's son, and Secretary-general Tang Tsung (唐縱).[7]

There were resentments within the party for backing another migrant for election, a government official was even considering breaking apart from the party and ran as an independent, only to be stopped after a meeting with Vice President Chen Cheng.[8] Soon after taking over from Li as local party branch, Liu Ting-kuo resigned in protest against Li's nomination.[7]

The Tangwai bloc was represented by former City Councillor Lin Fan-wang (林番王).

Li initially led over Lin but was then taken over as campaigning continued.[7] Party infighting undermined Li's reputation after Li's problematic business was disclosed. Free China Journal also lambasted Li over last election's fraud and after he was revealed to have appointed a rapist, who was then expelled from Kuomintang, in the local party.[10]

Amidst the increasingly dire situation, Keelung police were ordered by Tang Tsung to ban businesses celebrating for Lin.[7] Businessmen, unions, temples, and even brothels were forced to donate for Li.[11] Government-controlled newspapers, on the other hand, attacked Lin on his troubled marriage.[7] A primary school teacher even assault a student after he voted for Lin in a mock election,[12] and parents were threatened against rallying for Lin.[13] These cohesive and suppressive actions, along with the biased campaigning favouring Li, infuriated the general public.

The election eventually saw Keelung-born Lin winning 55% of popular votes. The exhausted mayor-in-waiting was then in the hospital bed when news broke.[14] When interviewed by the press, Lin commented "election is indeed like a basketball: the harder you hit it, the higher it bounces back."[9]

Mayor of Keelung
CandidatePartyVotes%
Lin Fan-wangChina Democratic Socialist Party43,94854.55
Li Kuo-chunKuomintang36,61745.45
Total80,565100.00
Valid votes80,56593.91
Invalid/blank votes5,2246.09
Total votes85,789100.00
Registered voters/turnout108,78178.86
Source: [15][16]

Yilan

Magistrate of Yilan
CandidatePartyVotes%
林才添Kuomintang106,057100.00
Total106,057100.00
Valid votes106,05792.94
Invalid/blank votes8,0557.06
Total votes114,112100.00
Registered voters/turnout155,37473.44
Source: [16]

Taoyuan

Magistrate of Taoyuan
CandidatePartyVotes%
吳鴻麟Kuomintang124,791100.00
Total124,791100.00
Valid votes124,79187.60
Invalid/blank votes17,66912.40
Total votes142,460100.00
Registered voters/turnout214,42366.44
Source: [16]

Hsinchu

Magistrate of Hsinchu
CandidatePartyVotes%
彭瑞鷺Kuomintang84,61253.64
林維洲Independent73,13746.36
Total157,749100.00
Valid votes157,74997.04
Invalid/blank votes4,8142.96
Total votes162,563100.00
Registered voters/turnout209,06177.76
Source: [16]

Miaoli

Kuomintang unexpectedly supported Lin Wei-kung (林為恭) from a local noble family as Magistrate of Miaoli, greatly upsetting Taiwan Provincial Councillor Liu Kuo-tsai who was very eager to secure the nomination. Liu was rumoured to be delisted by Chiang Kai-shek as he had been reported during February 28 incident for possessing guns. Lin, when nominated, was serving as the deputy for the brother of Vice President Chen Cheng, which might explain his political advancement. Kuomintang's decision is also regarded as to consolidate the rotation of power between two local factions, Lin's "Wang faction" and the "Liu faction".[17]

Magistrate of Miaoli
CandidatePartyVotes%
Lin Wei-kungKuomintang112,761100.00
Total112,761100.00
Valid votes112,76192.90
Invalid/blank votes8,6237.10
Total votes121,384100.00
Registered voters/turnout190,63463.67
Source: [16]

Taichung

Magistrate of Taichung
CandidatePartyVotes%
何金生Kuomintang106,07553.37
王地Independent92,68746.63
Total198,762100.00
Valid votes198,76296.42
Invalid/blank votes7,3713.58
Total votes206,133100.00
Registered voters/turnout264,01878.08
Source: [16]
Mayor of Taichung
CandidatePartyVotes%
邱欽洲Kuomintang54,01455.47
何春木Independent43,35844.53
Total97,372100.00
Valid votes97,37297.22
Invalid/blank votes2,7852.78
Total votes100,157100.00
Registered voters/turnout126,89478.93
Source: [16]

Changhua

Tangwai's Shih Hsi-hsun contested the magisterial seat for the third time, facing challenge from KMT-endorsed Lu Shih-ming (呂世明) and Yang Lien-chi (楊連基), expelled from the KMT after standing against party colleague in a township election.

Irregularities were again reported during election campaign, such as Kuomintang using dozens of billboard vehicles for rally despite only three were allowed.

This year's election was the repetition of 1954's between incumbent Chen Hsi-ching from the KMT and Shih Hsi-hsun from Tangwai, after Chen again secured party nomination. School teachers and students were urged to canvass for Lu, even music teachers taught Lu's electioneering song. Mayor of Changhua, an elected representative, demanded staff to join Lu's campaign team. On the election day, several polling stations experienced blackouts, while multiple ballots voting for Shih were counted into Lu's.

Lu was elected with around 59% of votes, sending the third defeat to Shih,

Magistrate of Changhua
CandidatePartyVotes%
Lu Shih-mingKuomintang155,48358.54
Shih Hsi-hsunIndependent85,89532.34
Yang Lien-chiIndependent24,2369.12
Total265,614100.00
Valid votes265,61496.89
Invalid/blank votes8,5253.11
Total votes274,139100.00
Registered voters/turnout385,13071.18
Source: [16]

Nantou

Magistrate of Nantou
CandidatePartyVotes%
Hung Chiao-jungKuomintang123,399100.00
Total123,399100.00
Valid votes123,39994.74
Invalid/blank votes6,8555.26
Total votes130,254100.00
Registered voters/turnout177,69073.30
Source: [18]

Yunlin

Lin Chin-seng was chosen by the Kuomintang for re-election, standing against Youth's Su Tung-chi (蘇東啟).[19] Huang Wen-tou (黃文斗) from the Kuomintang briefly registered as a candidate, rebelling against Lin after anti-Lin camp failed to convince Speaker Wu Hsing-wang (吳興旺) to run. However, Huang revoked his candidacy just nine days later.[20]

Magistrate of Yunlin
CandidatePartyVotes%
Lin Chin-sengKuomintang114,28256.20
Su Tung-chiYoung China Party89,06643.80
Total203,348100.00
Valid votes203,34895.90
Invalid/blank votes8,6984.10
Total votes212,046100.00
Registered voters/turnout285,15774.36
Source: [16]

Chiayi

Magistrate of Chiayi
CandidatePartyVotes%
Huang Tzung-kunKuomintang109,34754.09
許竹模Independent92,82145.91
Total202,168100.00
Valid votes202,16896.92
Invalid/blank votes6,4273.08
Total votes208,595100.00
Registered voters/turnout303,35368.76
Source: [16]

Tainan

Magistrate of Tainan
CandidatePartyVotes%
Hu Lung-paoKuomintang210,637100.00
Total210,637100.00
Valid votes210,63790.80
Invalid/blank votes21,3519.20
Total votes231,988100.00
Registered voters/turnout339,61068.31
Source: [16]

Kuomintang in Tainan City nominated Hsin Wen-bing, Speaker of the City Council, to challenge incumbent Yeh Ting-kuei.[21] The election was assumed by the party with great importance as it is one of the most competitive since the 1950 local elections. High-ranking members from the party headquarter travelled south to monitor the election, and asked the rebels in the party to support decisions from the party.[22]

Yeh's manifesto was vetted by Tainan City election authority, demanding him to remove "irritative" wording such as "to defend democracy" and "to avoid Tainan City Government falling into hands of those for personal gain".[23] Opposition leader Lei Chen criticised the interference by authorities.[24] In the midst of voting, six helpers of Yeh's campaign team were brought away, and was released after election concluded.[25]

With an extraordinary turnout of 85.4%, Hsin defeated Yeh and regained control for the Kuomintang. Electoral frauds were later reported by constituents, such as repeated voting, vote-buying, counting invalid votes for Hsin, or ballots cast by others. Tangwai called for annulling the election results but did not succeed.[26] Tens of thousands joined Yeh in a rally after the election to demonstrate solidarity.[27]

Mayor of Tainan
CandidatePartyVotes%
Hsin Wen-bingKuomintang64,14352.07
Yeh Ting-kueiIndependent59,03447.93
Total123,177100.00
Valid votes123,17797.73
Invalid/blank votes2,8582.27
Total votes126,035100.00
Registered voters/turnout147,63185.37
Source: [28]

Kaohsiung

The ruling party nominated Tai Liang-ching (戴良慶) to run against opposition incumbent Yu Teng-fa. As last election was believed to be defrauded by the authorities, many expressed sympathy to Yu that bolstered his popularity.[29]

Kuomintang still ran a large-scale electioneering for Tai with headmasters, teachers, and village chiefs. With the amendment of election regulations, it became more difficult to manipulate the poll through ballot stuffing. Tai was also under attack for KMT's role in rigging the previous election.[9] Yu eventually captured most of the districts in Kaohsiung County, not only in the stronghold of "black faction", but also in those of "white faction", and even Tai's own "red faction".[30]

Magistrate of Kaohsiung
CandidatePartyVotes%
Yu Teng-faIndependent108,63756.47
Tai Liang-chingKuomintang83,75443.53
Total192,391100.00
Valid votes192,39196.84
Invalid/blank votes6,2703.16
Total votes198,661100.00
Registered voters/turnout263,12475.50
Source: [16]

Kaohsiung mayoral election, in contrast, was relatively calm as "local faction" sent Chen Chi-chuan, whose family was close to President Chiang,[31] to run for mayor, which was endorsed by Kuomintang. Despite unwilling to stand in the election, Chen conceded to party's pressure and was elected without contest after Yang Chin-hu (楊金虎) of the opposition withdrew.[32][33]

Mayor of Kaohsiung
CandidatePartyVotes%
Chen Chi-chuanKuomintang144,545100.00
Total144,545100.00
Valid votes144,54594.44
Invalid/blank votes8,5065.56
Total votes153,051100.00
Registered voters/turnout197,40077.53
Source: [34]

Pingtung

Magistrate of Pingtung
CandidatePartyVotes%
李世昌Kuomintang168,735100.00
Total168,735100.00
Valid votes168,73589.87
Invalid/blank votes19,01910.13
Total votes187,754100.00
Registered voters/turnout276,34767.94
Source: [16]

Hualien

Magistrate of Hualien
CandidatePartyVotes%
柯丁選Kuomintang55,77162.70
徐輝國Independent33,17637.30
Total88,947100.00
Valid votes88,94796.74
Invalid/blank votes3,0023.26
Total votes91,949100.00
Registered voters/turnout113,34181.13
Source: [16]

Taitung

"Huang faction" leader Huang Tuo-jung (黃拓榮) was backed by Kuomintang, while the rival "Wu faction" secretly helped independent Lin Te-tsun (林德村).[35] But as the anti-Huang camp turned against Lin, Huang's anticipated victory became increasingly clear.[36]

Magistrate of Taitung
CandidatePartyVotes%
Huang Tuo-jungKuomintang44,97465.17
Lin Te-tsunIndependent24,03434.83
Total69,008100.00
Valid votes69,00895.65
Invalid/blank votes3,1424.35
Total votes72,150100.00
Registered voters/turnout88,72881.32
Source: [16][37]

Penghu

Magistrate of Penghu
CandidatePartyVotes%
徐詠黎Kuomintang32,021100.00
Total32,021100.00
Valid votes32,02194.96
Invalid/blank votes1,7015.04
Total votes33,722100.00
Registered voters/turnout42,48279.38
Source: [16]

Notes

  1. ^ The leadership of China Democratic Socialist Party had been disputed following the death of
    Hsu Fu-lin
    in 1958.

References

  • 中華民國選舉概況 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 中央選舉委員會. 1984.
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  1. ^ 續修臺北縣志·卷七·選舉志
  2. ^ 高玉樹回來了 機場談話謂要撤銷登記 記者追問又說還不肯定. 徵信新聞報. 1960-04-10. p. 2.
  3. ^ 高, 玉樹 (2000). "懷念黃信介先生 最有人緣的偉大政治家". 黃信介紀念文集. Taipei: 民主進步黨中央黨部黃信介紀念文集小組. p. 40.
  4. ^ 國民黨不再禮讓 柯文哲能成第３位無黨籍台北市長？. ETToday (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2023-04-10.
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  9. ^ a b c 政海浮沉錄. 臺灣時報社. 1977. pp. 105–106.
  10. ^ 包, 平. 國民黨的李國俊配當基隆市長候選人嗎？. 自由中國. Vol. 22, no. 4. p. 130.
  11. ISBN 978-957-801-604-0
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  12. ^ 番王慢步登堂 哀兵獲勝事出有因. 徵信新聞報. 1960-04-26. p. 3.
  13. ^ 王, 拓 (1978). 黨外的聲音. 長橋出版社. p. 122.
  14. ^ 基市長當選人 林番王表示決奉行國策. 聯合報. 1960-04-25. p. 2.
  15. ^ 邱, 智信, ed. (2001). 基隆市志·卷三·政治志選舉篇. pp. 31–32.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p 臺灣省地方自治誌要. Taichung: 臺灣省地方自治誌要編輯委員會. 1966. p. 421.
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  19. ^ 雲林縣長富紳黃文斗 躍馬爭奪百里侯. 聯合報. 1960-04-11. p. 8.
  20. ^ 雲林縣長候選人黃文斗退卻 昨撤銷登記. 聯合報. 1960-04-13. p. 8.
  21. ISBN 957-638-540-7
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  23. ^ 高, 心平 (1960-04-16). 怪哉！所謂葉廷珪政見「語句刺激」. 自由中國. Vol. 22, no. 8. p. 11.
  24. ^ 雷, 震. 人心！人心！人心！從臺中縣、臺南市、雲林縣事例說到唐秘書長和田部長談話. 自由中國. Vol. 22, no. 8. p. 13.
  25. ^ 就地方選舉向國民黨再進一言. 自由中國. Vol. 22, no. 7. 1960-04-01.
  26. ^ 違法舞弊的臺南市長選舉應宣告無效. 自由中國. Vol. 22, no. 10. 1960-05-16. pp. 5–6.
  27. ^ 傅, 正, ed. (1990). 雷震日記：第一個十年（八）. Taipei: 桂冠圖書股份有限公司. pp. 302–303.
  28. ^ 王, 振惠; 游, 醒民 (1979). 臺南市志·卷九·選舉志. pp. 184–185.
  29. ISBN 957-13-1824-8
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  31. ISBN 978-957-13-2970-3
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  33. ^ 王, 御風 (2006). 近代台灣地方議會與領導階層之研究-以高雄市為例(1920-1960). 國立成功大學歷史研究所. p. 424.
  34. ^ 重修高雄市志·卷二·民政志. 高雄市政府. 1990. p. 164.
  35. ^ 黃, 順興 (1972). 湖濱雜思. 民主潮社. p. 61.
  36. ^ 東縣選局急轉直下 有志之士紛舉義旗 反黃陣線宣告解體. 徵信新聞報. 1960-04-21. p. 3.
  37. ^ 顏, 志光 (2001). 臺東縣史·政事篇. p. 239.
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