2006 Wisconsin Referendum 1
Only a marriage between one man and one woman shall be valid or recognized as a marriage in this state. A legal status identical or substantially similar to that of marriage for unmarried individuals shall not be valid or recognized in this state. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Results | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sources: [1][2][3] |
Elections in Wisconsin |
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Wisconsin Referendum 1 of 2006 was a
Amendment
The text of the adopted amendment, which became Article XIII, Section 13 of the state constitution, reads:
Only a marriage between one man and one woman shall be valid or recognized as a marriage in this state. A legal status identical or substantially similar to that of marriage for unmarried individuals shall not be valid or recognized in this state.[5]
As required by the constitution, the amendment was approved by both houses of the legislature, in two consecutive sessions. The legislative history of the amendment is as follows:
- March 5, 2004: Approved by Wisconsin State Assembly by a vote of 68-27.
- March 12, 2004: Approved by Wisconsin State Senate by a vote of 20-13[6]
- December 6, 2005: Approved by the State Senate a second time, by a vote of 19-14.[7]
- February 28, 2006: Approved by the State Assembly a second time.
- November 7, 2006: Approved by referendum, by a margin of 59.4%-40.6%.[8]
County | Yes | No | Total Votes | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | % | # | % | # | ||||||||
Adams | 5,142 | 65.2% | 2,741 | 34.8% | 7,883 | |||||||
Ashland | 3,566 | 59.9% | 2,392 | 40.1% | 5,958 | |||||||
Barron | 10,958 | 68.8% | 4,962 | 31.2% | 15,920 | |||||||
Bayfield | 4,132 | 57.9% | 3,010 | 42.1% | 7,142 | |||||||
Brown | 55,780 | 60.6% | 36,305 | 39.4% | 92,085 | |||||||
Buffalo | 3,428 | 64.1% | 1,921 | 35.9% | 5,349 | |||||||
Burnett | 4,418 | 72.4% | 1,686 | 27.6% | 6,104 | |||||||
Calumet | 13,338 | 69.0% | 5,986 | 31.0% | 19,324 | |||||||
Chippewa | 13,993 | 65.4% | 7,408 | 34.6% | 21,401 | |||||||
Clark | 7,737 | 69.2% | 3,436 | 30.8% | 11,173 | |||||||
Columbia | 13,023 | 59.5% | 8,866 | 40.5% | 21,889 | |||||||
Crawford | 3,980 | 62.1% | 2,427 | 37.9% | 6,407 | |||||||
Dane | 70,377 | 33.1% | 142,491 | 66.9% | 212,868 | |||||||
Dodge | 22,552 | 73.4% | 8,154 | 26.6% | 30,706 | |||||||
Door | 8,412 | 59.2% | 5,790 | 40.8% | 14,202 | |||||||
Douglas | 9,316 | 59.9% | 6,241 | 40.1% | 15,557 | |||||||
Dunn | 8,520 | 58.9% | 5,939 | 41.1% | 14,459 | |||||||
Eau Claire | 19,595 | 51.7% | 18,297 | 48.3% | 37,892 | |||||||
Florence | 1,515 | 75.9% | 481 | 24.1% | 1,996 | |||||||
Fond du Lac | 25,745 | 68.7% | 11,731 | 31.3% | 37,476 | |||||||
Forest | 2,407 | 67.1% | 1,180 | 32.9% | 3,587 | |||||||
Grant | 10,546 | 62.5% | 6,321 | 37.5% | 16,867 | |||||||
Green | 7,074 | 54.1% | 6,011 | 45.9% | 13,085 | |||||||
Green Lake | 5,850 | 74.0% | 2,051 | 26.0% | 7,901 | |||||||
Iowa | 4,553 | 50.7% | 4,424 | 49.3% | 8,977 | |||||||
Iron | 1,743 | 65.1% | 935 | 34.9% | 2,678 | |||||||
Jackson | 4,418 | 63.8% | 2,504 | 36.2% | 6,922 | |||||||
Jefferson | 19,918 | 65.1% | 10,687 | 34.9% | 30,605 | |||||||
Juneau | 5,717 | 68.5% | 2,625 | 31.5% | 8,342 | |||||||
Kenosha | 29,676 | 59.2% | 20,490 | 40.8% | 50,166 | |||||||
Kewaunee | 6,450 | 72.9% | 2,399 | 27.1% | 8,849 | |||||||
La Crosse | 21,327 | 50.2% | 21,175 | 49.8% | 42,502 | |||||||
Lafayette | 3,624 | 62.8% | 2,149 | 37.2% | 5,773 | |||||||
Langlade | 5,856 | 68.3% | 2,724 | 31.7% | 8,580 | |||||||
Lincoln | 7,129 | 66.1% | 3,661 | 33.9% | 10,790 | |||||||
Manitowoc | 22,442 | 70.1% | 9,572 | 29.9% | 32,014 | |||||||
Marathon | 31,675 | 65.0% | 17,054 | 35.0% | 48,729 | |||||||
Marinette | 12,192 | 72.8% | 4,554 | 27.2% | 16,746 | |||||||
Marquette | 4,152 | 67.5% | 2,003 | 32.5% | 6,155 | |||||||
Menominee | 507 | 53.1% | 448 | 46.9% | 955 | |||||||
Milwaukee | 172,548 | 55.0% | 141,453 | 45.0% | 314,001 | |||||||
Monroe | 8,871 | 66.2% | 4,525 | 33.8% | 13,396 | |||||||
Oconto | 10,222 | 71.1% | 4,165 | 28.9% | 14,387 | |||||||
Oneida | 9,356 | 59.1% | 6,478 | 40.9% | 15,834 | |||||||
Outagamie | 42,849 | 62.6% | 25,631 | 37.4% | 68,480 | |||||||
Ozaukee | 25,914 | 63.5% | 14,916 | 36.5% | 40,830 | |||||||
Pepin | 2,106 | 70.3% | 889 | 29.7% | 2,995 | |||||||
Pierce | 8,350 | 59.5% | 5,673 | 40.5% | 14,023 | |||||||
Polk | 10,619 | 69.2% | 4,733 | 30.8% | 15,352 | |||||||
Portage | 15,409 | 53.7% | 13,285 | 46.3% | 28,694 | |||||||
Price | 3,944 | 63.6% | 2,259 | 36.4% | 6,203 | |||||||
Racine | 43,869 | 63.8% | 24,868 | 36.2% | 68,737 | |||||||
Richland | 3,939 | 61.6% | 2,454 | 38.4% | 6,393 | |||||||
Rock | 30,220 | 55.6% | 24,087 | 44.4% | 54,307 | |||||||
Rusk | 3,848 | 66.8% | 1,916 | 33.2% | 5,764 | |||||||
St. Croix | 16,668 | 63.1% | 9,749 | 36.9% | 26,417 | |||||||
Sauk | 12,394 | 57.1% | 9,310 | 42.9% | 21,704 | |||||||
Sawyer | 4,245 | 67.1% | 2,082 | 32.9% | 6,327 | |||||||
Shawano | 11,333 | 72.6% | 4,279 | 27.4% | 15,612 | |||||||
Sheboygan | 32,908 | 70.3% | 13,895 | 29.7% | 46,803 | |||||||
Taylor | 4,741 | 66.3% | 2,414 | 33.7% | 7,155 | |||||||
Trempealeau | 5,996 | 63.4% | 3,466 | 36.6% | 9,462 | |||||||
Vernon | 6,253 | 61.6% | 3,901 | 38.4% | 10,154 | |||||||
Vilas | 6,386 | 61.8% | 3,953 | 38.2% | 10,339 | |||||||
Walworth | 20,501 | 61.8% | 12,652 | 38.2% | 33,153 | |||||||
Washburn | 4,465 | 68.0% | 2,097 | 32.0% | 6,562 | |||||||
Washington | 38,759 | 73.7% | 13,804 | 26.3% | 52,563 | |||||||
Waukesha | 118,736 | 68.3% | 55,165 | 31.7% | 173,901 | |||||||
Waupaca | 13,281 | 69.6% | 5,810 | 30.4% | 19,091 | |||||||
Waushara | 6,168 | 68.5% | 2,833 | 31.5% | 9,001 | |||||||
Winnebago | 37,188 | 57.7% | 27,228 | 42.3% | 64,416 | |||||||
Wood | 19,441 | 66.7% | 9,723 | 33.3% | 29,164 | |||||||
Totals | 1,264,310 | 59.4% | 862,924 | 40.6% | 2,127,234 | |||||||
Source: Wisconsin Blue Book at the Wayback Machine (archived April 3, 2023) |
Legal challenge
In April 2009 the Wisconsin Supreme Court was asked in McConkey v. Van Hollen to rule on whether the 2006 Referendum 1 was constitutional. William McConkey, a political science instructor, claimed that the measure violated the state's constitution because it proposed more than one question in a single ballot proposal, which is impermissible under Wisconsin law.[9][10][11] On June 30, 2010, the Court ruled that the amendment referendum question was permissible and thus the amendment had been properly passed.[12][13] However, on June 6, 2014 the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin overturned all bans on same-sex marriage in the state.[14] On October 6, 2014, same sex marriage was legalized in Wisconsin.
Pre-decision opinion polls
Date of opinion poll | Conducted by | Sample size
|
In favor | Against | Undecided | Margin | Margin of Error | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
October 2006 | St. Norbert College | ? | 51% | 44% | ? | 7% pro | ? | [15] |
September 2006 | Diversified Research for wispolitics.com | ? | 53% | 39% | ? | 14% pro | ? | [16] |
References
- ^ 2006-11-07_FallElection_Referendum_CountyReturns
- ^ General Election Voter Registration and Absentee Statistics 1984-2022.xlsx
- ^ a b CNN.com Election 2006 - Ballot Measures Accessed 14 December 2006.
- ^ "U.S. 21st country to allow same-sex marriage nationwide". CNN. June 26, 2015.
- ^ "DOMAwatch.org - Wisconsin Archived 2005-03-10 at the Wayback Machine" Alliance Defense Fund. 2006. Accessed 06 January 2007.
- ^ Assembly Joint Resolution 66, Journal of the Wisconsin Senate, March 11, 2004, p. 717. The final vote was taken shortly after midnight on March 12.
- ^ Senate Joint Resolution 53, Journal of the Wisconsin Senate, Dec. 6, 2005, p. 488.
- ^ Canvass Summary, Wisconsin State Elections Board, Fall General Election, Nov. 7, 2006.
- ^ Wisconsin amendment supreme court
- ^ Christopher Magnum, Wis. "Supreme Court Hears Gay Marriage Case", Advocate.com, Nov. 3, 2009.
- ^ Patrick Marley, "State Supreme Court hears arguments on gay marriage amendment", The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, Nov. 3, 2009.
- ^ "Wisconsin Supreme Court upholds gay marriage ban". 6abc. WPVI-TV. June 30, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
- ^ Foley, Ryan J. (June 30, 2010). "Wisconsin Supreme Court unanimously upholds gay marriage ban". Madison.com. Wisconsin State Journal. AP. Archived from the original on July 13, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
- ^ "Wisconsin's same-sex marriage ban struck down". Retrieved June 6, 2014.
- ^ Ballot Measure Update
- ^ 2006 Ballot Measures: A National Scorecard
External links
- 2005 Enrolled Joint Resolution 30 (Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine)