2007 in baseball

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The following are the baseball events of the year 2007 throughout the world.

Champions

Major League Baseball

  • Regular Season Champions
League Eastern Division Champion Central Division Champion Western Division Champion Wild Card Qualifier
American League Boston Red Sox
Cleveland Indians
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
New York Yankees
National League Philadelphia Phillies Chicago Cubs Arizona Diamondbacks Colorado Rockies
Division Series
(ALDS, NLDS)
League Championship Series
(NLCS, ALCS)
World Series
         
1 Boston 3
3
LA Angels
0
1 Boston 4
American League
2 Cleveland 3
2 Cleveland 3
4 NY Yankees 1
AL1 Boston 4
NL4 Colorado 0
1 Arizona 3
3 Chicago Cubs 0
1 Arizona 0
National League
4 Colorado 4
2 Philadelphia 0
4 Colorado 3
Higher seed had home field advantage during Division Series and League Championship Series.
The American League champion has home field advantage during the World Series as a result of the AL victory in the All-Star Game.

Other champions

1 – The appearance by the Huskies of Rouen, France in the final marks the first time since 1976 that a team from outside the professional leagues of

Italy
has finished in the top two.

Awards and honors

Gold Glove first baseman Kevin Youkilis

* Francoeur and Rowand finished tied in the voting

Major league baseball final standings

Denotes the club that won the wild card for its respective league. The Rockies defeated the Padres 9–8 (13) in a one-game playoff for the NL wild card.

The 90 wins by the Diamondbacks and Rockies were the fewest to lead the NL since 1959, with the exception of the strike-shortened seasons of 1981, 1994 and 1995. No NL team won or lost 95 games for the first time since 1983.

Also, this was the second consecutive season in which no team won at least 60% of its games, the first time that this has happened in Major League Baseball history.

Events

January–March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

  • October 1 – The
    2007 NL Wild Card tie-breaker to secure the last of the eight MLB playoff spots, completing a run in which they won 14 of their last 15 games, tying the best 15-game finish in major league history. Despite an error in the game, the Rockies also set a major league record for team fielding percentage (.9893), breaking the 2006 Boston Red Sox
    mark of .9891.
  • October 2 –
    Tampa Bay Devil Rays
    is named the AL Comeback Player of the Year.
  • October 18 – After the New York Yankees offer him only a one-year contract at a base salary one-third less than what he earned in 2007, Joe Torre leaves after 12 seasons as manager.
  • October 22 – Tony La Russa agrees to a new two-year deal to stay on as manager of the St. Louis Cardinals.
  • October 24 – The National Baseball Hall of Fame announces that it will honor Buck O'Neil by establishing a lifetime achievement award in his name. O'Neil, a Negro league first baseman and manager who died in October 2006, will be honored with a statue to be dedicated at the next Hall of Fame induction in Cooperstown, N.Y. After leaving the Negro leagues, O'Neil became the first African American coach in the majors by joining the Cubs staff in 1962, and was later an influential figure in the promotion of baseball and study of Negro leagues history. He was nominated to a special Hall ballot for Negro league players, managers, and executives in 2006, but didn't receive the necessary number of votes to gain admission into the Hall.
  • October 28
  • October 30 – The Yankees sign Joe Girardi to a three-year deal as their new manager. In the meantime, amid rumors that Torre will be hired as the team's new manager, Grady Little resigns as manager of the Los Angeles Dodgers.

November

  • November 1 – The
    Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters 4–1, losing the first game and sweeping the next four. The Dragons' Norihiro Nakamura is the series MVP. This was a rematch of the 2006 series, won by the Fighters in the same fashion. Game five was a combined perfect game, with starter Daisuke Yamai throwing eight innings, and Hitoki Iwase closing out the ninth. Nippon Professional Baseball
    does not officially recognize no-hit or perfect games thrown by multiple pitchers.
  • November 6:
    • Greg Maddux wins his 17th Gold Glove Award, breaking a record he had previously shared with Jim Kaat and Brooks Robinson.
    • By a vote of 25–5, major league general managers endorse the use of instant replay for the first time, with the condition that its scope be limited to determining where a potential home run ball left the park or the possibility of fan interference on a home run.
  • November 8:
    • General managers decide to mandate head protection for first- and third-base coaches during games, starting in 2008. This was prompted by the death on July 22 of minor-league first-base coach Mike Coolbaugh of the Tulsa Drillers, a Double-A affiliate of the Colorado Rockies, who was hit in the neck by a foul line drive, killing him on impact.
    • The Tampa Bay Devil Rays officially drop the "Devil" from their name, becoming the Tampa Bay Rays. In addition to the name change, they also change their colors from green and black to navy blue, Columbia blue, and gold, and design new uniforms that will be worn starting in 2008.
  • November 9 – Italy handed the U.S. team their only loss in Team USA's route to win the 2007 Baseball World Cup in Taiwan. It was the U.S.'s first loss to Italy in 21 years and the first time it ever lost to Italy with professional players, as the team consisted of Major League Baseball players and top minor league prospects.
  • November 12:
    • Ryan Braun of the Milwaukee Brewers edges Troy Tulowitzki of the Colorado Rockies in the closest balloting since 1980 (128–126) for the NL Rookie of the Year Award. Dustin Pedroia of the Boston Red Sox is a clear choice in the AL.
    • The New York Yankees re-sign catcher Jorge Posada for $52.4 million over four years. This makes Posada the highest-paid catcher in MLB history, edging out Mike Piazza's $13 million average from 1999 to 2005.
  • November 15 – San Diego Padres pitcher Jake Peavy wins the NL Cy Young Award by unanimous vote.
  • November 16:
    • Barry Bonds is indicted on charges of perjury and obstructing justice.
    • Alex Rodriguez agrees to an outline of a deal with the New York Yankees (10 years, $275 million, with extra money if he breaks the career home run record with the Yankees. In total the deal could reach $300 million.)
  • November 26 – The Lotte Giants hire Jerry Royster as their new manager. Royster, a former major league player and longtime minor league manager, is the first foreigner ever hired to manage a team in the Korea Baseball Organization. Another Lotte-owned team, the Chiba Lotte Marines, of Nippon Pro Baseball, had had their best run ever thanks to an American manager, Bobby Valentine.

December

Media

Deaths

January

  • January 1 –
    line
    and 36 home runs in 558 games, including a homer in his first major league at-bat, whose career finished when entered military service during World War II.
  • January 4 – Bob Milliken, 80, pitcher for the Brooklyn Dodgers in the 1953 and 1954 seasons; later a longtime St. Louis Cardinals coach and instructor.
  • January 9 – Ben Callahan, 49, pitcher who worked in four games for the 1983 Oakland Athletics.
  • January 16 – Betty Trezza, 81, infielder who batted a historic 14th inning, RBI-single to give the Racine Belles the 1946 AAGPBL championship title.
  • January 19 – Wilfred "Lefty" Lefebvre, 91, pitcher for the Boston Red Sox and Washington Senators in four seasons spanning 1938 to 1944; later a longtime Red Sox scout.
  • January 20 – Vern Ruhle, 55, pitcher who played for the Detroit Tigers, Houston Astros, Cleveland Indians and California Angels during 13 seasons from 1974 to 1986, posting notable starts for Houston in the 1980–1981 playoffs; became a reliable pitching coach for four National League teams over nine seasons between 1997 and 2006; pitching coach of Cincinnati Reds at the time of his death.
  • January 23 – Dick Joyce, 63, pitcher for the 1965 Kansas City Athletics.
  • January 25 –
    BBWAA
    official who was responsible for notifying Hall of Famers of their election from 1966 to 1988.
  • January 27 – Bing Devine, 90, general manager of the St. Louis Cardinals (1957–1964; 1968–1978) who built St. Louis' NL pennant winners of 1964 and 1967–1968, and as president of the New York Mets (1966–1967) helped construct 1969 "Miracle Mets".
  • January 29 – Art Fowler, 84, pitcher for the Cincinnati Redlegs, Los Angeles Dodgers and Los Angeles Angels over nine seasons spanning 1954–1964, before becoming a pitching coach for five teams under manager Billy Martin in fourteen seasons from 1969 to 1988.
  • January 30 – Max Lanier, 91, two-time All-Star pitcher who won 45 games and posted a very solid 2.47 earned run average from 1942 to 1944 for the St. Louis Cardinals, leading the National League in ERA in 1943, while winning three consecutive NL pennants and two World Series rings in 1942 and 1944, including the final game of the 1944 Classic;[4] one of the most prominent American players to "jump" his MLB contract (and its reserve clause) to play in outlaw Mexican League in 1946, for which he was suspended from Organized Baseball for over three years; father of Hal Lanier.

February

  • February 1 – Ray Berres, 99, catcher for four NL teams from 1934 to 1945, later a White Sox pitching coach for nearly two decades.
  • February 4 – Steve Barber, 68, All-Star pitcher for the Orioles who in 1963 became the first 20-game winner in modern Baltimore history.
  • February 4 – Jim Pisoni, 77, outfielder, the last player to debut in a St. Louis Browns uniform, who also played for the Kansas City Athletics, Milwaukee Braves and New York Yankees.
  • February 6 – Lew Burdette, 80, All-Star pitcher for the Braves who was MVP of the 1957 World Series, led NL with 21 wins in 1959; also pitched for Yankees, Cardinals, Cubs and Angels.
  • February 7 –
    AAGPBL
  • February 9 – Hank Bauer, 84, three-time All-Star right fielder for the New York Yankees, being a member of seven World Series champion teams between 1949 and 1966, who later managed the Baltimore Orioles to the 1966 World Series title.
  • February 15 – Terry Enyart, 56, pitcher who appeared in two games for the 1974 Montreal Expos.
  • February 15 – Buddy Hancken, 92, catcher for the 1940 Philadelphia Athletics; later a minor league manager and MLB scout, coach and executive.
  • February 18 – Danny Reynolds, 87, infielder for the 1945 Chicago White Sox.
  • February 20 – Bob Malloy, 88, pitcher who played for the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Browns in a span of five seasons between 1943 and 1949, one of many ballplayers whose career was interrupted during World War conflict.
  • February 20 – Casey Wise, 74, infielder who played for the Chicago Cubs, Milwaukee Braves and Detroit Tigers over four seasons from 1957 to 1960.
  • February 21 – Sherman Jones, nicknamed "Roadblock", 72, pitcher for the San Francisco Giants, Cincinnati Reds and New York Mets in three seasons from 1960 to 1962, who also appeared in the 1961 World Series with Cincinnati and later served as a Kansas legislator for twelve years.

March

  • March 2 – Clem Labine, 80, two-time All-Star relief pitcher who played from 1950 through 1962, winning three World Series rings with the 1955 Brooklyn Dodgers, the 1959 Los Angeles Dodgers, and the 1960 Pittsburgh Pirates, as well as National League pennants with Brooklyn in 1953 and in 1956, ending his career with the 1962 expansion New York Mets.[5]
  • March 3 – Gene Oliver, 71, catcher and first baseman for five teams in the 1960s who hit 21 home runs for the 1965 Milwaukee Braves.
  • March 7 – Emil Mailho, 97, outfielder for the 1936 Philadelphia Athletics.
  • March 8 – John Vukovich, 59, third baseman for three teams, mainly for the Philadelphia Phillies from 1970 to 1981, coaching later for them during 17 seasons.
  • March 10 – Art Lopatka, 87, pitcher who played with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1945 and for the Philadelphia Phillies in 1946.
  • March 10 – Bobby Sturgeon, 87, middle infielder for the Chicago Cubs and Boston Braves in part of six seasons spanning 1940–1948, one of many big leaguers whose career was interrupted during World War II.
  • March 12 – Norm Larker, 76, All-Star first baseman for Los Angeles Dodgers (1958–1961), runner-up to Dick Groat in 1960 NL batting race, and member of the original (1962) Houston Colt .45s squad.
  • March 15 –
    free agency
    , and the sport's first labor strikes.
  • March 15 – Marty Martínez, 65, utility infielder for six teams from 1962 to 1972; became a coach and scout for the Mariners.
  • March 22 – Don Dennis, 65, relief pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1965 to 1966, who was named St. Louis rookie of the year in 1965.
  • March 22 – Willard Schmidt, 78, pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals (1952–1957) and Cincinnati Reds (1958–1959).
  • March 23 – Ed Bailey, 75, six-time All-Star and power hitting catcher, whose 14-year career include a nine-year stint with the Cincinnati Reds from 1953 to 1961, who, like other catchers of his generation, was overshadowed by Yogi Berra and Roy Campanella.[6]
  • March 31 – Patricia Barringer, 82, All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player and manager.

April

  • April 1 – Herb Carneal, 83, broadcaster for the Minnesota Twins since their second season in 1962, who previously called games in Philadelphia both for the Athletics and Phillies, and later for the Baltimore Orioles.
  • April 1 – Lou Limmer, 82, first baseman who hit the last home run for the Philadelphia Athletics and had the last hit in their final game in Philadelphia.
  • April 6 – Ed Bahr, 87, Canadian pitcher who played for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1946 to 1947.
  • April 10 – Dick Kryhoski, 82, first baseman for four American League teams in six seasons 1949 to 1955, as well one of few players to play for the St. Louis Browns in its 1953 final season and for the Baltimore Orioles in their 1954 inaugural campaign.[7]
  • April 15 – Chip Marshall, 87, catcher for the 1941 St. Louis Cardinals.
  • April 16 – Jean Marlowe, 77, pitcher in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League between the 1948 and 1954 seasons.
  • April 23 – Otis Davis, 87, utility man for the 1946 Brooklyn Dodgers.
  • April 23 – David Halberstam, 73, Pulitzer-winning author and historian, who wrote three non-fiction books on baseball: Summer of '49, October, 1964 and The Teammates.
  • April 23 – Sammy Meeks, 84, backup infielder who played for the Washington Senators and Cincinnati Reds over four seasons from 1948 to 1951.
  • April 27 – Ralph McLeod, 90, outfielder for the 1938 Boston Bees.
  • April 28 – Archie Wilson, 83, 1951 International League MVP, who later played from 1951 to 1952 for the New York Yankees, Washington Senators and Boston Red Sox.
  • April 29 – Milt Bocek, 94, outfielder for the 1933 and 1934 Chicago White Sox.
  • April 29 – Josh Hancock, 29, relief pitcher who played from 2002 through 2007 for the Boston Red Sox, Philadelphia Phillies, Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals, being also a member of the 2006 World Series Champion Cardinals team.

May

June

  • June 4 – Clete Boyer, 70, Gold Glove third baseman who played for the Kansas City Athletics, New York Yankees and Atlanta Braves over 15 seasons spanning 1955–1971, winning five consecutive American League pennants with the Yankees from 1960 to 1964, and a Gold Glove Award with the Braves in 1969; brothers Ken and Cloyd played in the majors.
  • June 15 – Larry Whiteside, 69, pioneering African American journalist known for his coverage of baseball for newspapers in Milwaukee and Boston.
  • June 23 – Rod Beck, 38, three-time All-Star relief pitcher who played from 1991 through 2001 for the San Francisco Giants, Chicago Cubs, Boston Red Sox and San Diego Padres, winning the 1994 NL Rolaids Relief Man Award with the Giants, while setting franchise season records with 24 consecutive saves and 48 overall in its 1993 season.

July

  • July 7 – Miguel Sotelo, 74, Mexican Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher and manager who spent more than 25 years in professional baseball, pitching no-hitters in the Arizona–Mexico League and the Mexican League, compiling an overall pitching record of 287–221 in eleven seasons and later managing during 27 seasons, while guiding the Broncos de Reynosa to their only Mexican League championship in the 1969 campaign, defeating the Sultanes de Monterrey.
  • July 11 – Shag Crawford, 90, umpire for 3,082 National League games between 1956 and 1975, who also worked in three World Series, two NL Championship Series, and three All-Star Games, and was the father of NL umpire Jerry Crawford.
  • July 16 – Carl McNabb, 90, who played briefly for the Detroit Tigers in 1945.
  • July 18 – Orlando McFarlane, 69, catcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Detroit Tigers and California Angels over five seasons spanning 1962–1968.
  • July 19 – Jim Mangan, 77, catcher for the Brooklyn Dodgers in its 1946 season.
  • July 22 – Rollie Stiles, 100, pitcher for the St. Louis Browns in three seasons from 1930 to 1933, the last living person to have pitched to Babe Ruth, and also the oldest living former MLB player at the time of his death.
  • July 22 – Mike Coolbaugh, 35, third baseman (and brother of Scott Coolbaugh) for the Milwaukee Brewers and St. Louis Cardinals in 2001 and 2002; as a coach in the minor leagues, he died when a line drive struck him in the neck as he was standing in the first-base coach's box; professional baseball mandated that base coaches wear helmets as a result.
  • July 29 – Bill Robinson, 64, outfielder who played 1966 through 1983 for the Atlanta Braves, New York Yankees, Pittsburgh Pirates and Philadelphia Phillies, collecting three World Series rings as a player for the 1979 Pirates, and as a coach for both the 1986 New York Mets and 2003 Florida Marlins.

August

  • August 1 – Pete Naktenis, 93, pitcher who played with the Philadelphia Athletics in 1936 and for the Cincinnati Reds between in 1939.
  • August 3 – Lee Griffeth, 82, pitcher for the 1946 Philadelphia Athletics.
  • August 4 – Frank Mancuso, 89, catcher who played with the St. Louis Browns in three seasons from 1944 to 1946 and for the Washington Senators in 1947; member of Browns' 1944 American League championship team; later, served on the Houston City Council from 1963 to 1993; brother of Gus Mancuso.
  • August 5 – Al Salerno, 76, American League umpire from 1961 to 1968 who worked 1,110 league games and the 1964 Major League Baseball All-Star Game;[8] abruptly fired on September 16, 1968, he and colleague Bill Valentine filed suit alleging they were singled out for attempts to form an umpires' union for their league.
  • August 7 – Hank Morgenweck, 78, American League umpire from 1972 to 1975 who also worked second base in Game 1 of the 1970 NLCS as a strike replacement.[9]
  • August 7 – Mary Rountree, 85, top-notch catcher who played from 1946 through 1952 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.
  • August 13 – Ox Miller, 92, pitcher who hurled in 24 total games for the Washington Senators, St. Louis Browns and Chicago Cubs over four seasons between 1943 and 1947.
  • August 14 –
    MLB All-Star Game selections, and later broadcasting Yankees games on radio and television during four decades.[10]
  • August 15 – Sam Pollock, 81, legendary Canadian hockey executive of the 1960s and 1970s (Montreal Canadiens) who later was chairman and CEO of MLB's Toronto Blue Jays between 1995 and 2000.
  • August 17 – Chico García, 82, Mexican Baseball Hall of Fame second baseman who played for the 1954 Baltimore Orioles, while winning batting titles in the Arizona–Texas League in 1963 and the Mexican League in 1963, before managing in the ML from 1965 to 1976.
  • August 17 – Dee Sanders, 86, pitcher for 1945 for the St. Louis Browns in its 1945 season.
  • August 20 – Wild Bill Hagy, 68, popular fan noted for leading cheers at Baltimore Orioles games in the 1970s and 1980s.
  • August 23 – Bobby Herrera, 81, Mexican pitcher who played in 1951 for the St. Louis Browns.
  • August 26 – Chuck Comiskey, 81, vice president of the Chicago White Sox in the 1950s, as well as the last member of the Comiskey dynasty to be involved in the club's operation.
  • August 29 – Margie Lang, 83, infielder and pitcher who played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.
  • August 30 – Hal Jeffcoat, 82, outfielder and pitcher for the Chicago Cubs, Cincinnati Redlegs/Reds and St. Louis Cardinals during twelve seasons from 1948 to 1959.

September

  • September 1 – Mel Roberts, 64, first-base coach of the 1992–1995 Philadelphia Phillies, including 1993 NL champions; minor league outfielder, coach and manager who spent 46 years in pro ball.
  • September 6 – Al Kozar, 86, second baseman who played for the Washington Senators and Chicago White Sox over a three-year career from 1950 to 1952.
  • September 12 – Lou Kretlow, 86, pitcher who played from 1946 through 1956 with the Detroit Tigers, St. Louis Browns, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox and Kansas City Athletics.
  • September 20 – John Sullivan, 86, shortstop who played for the Washington Senators and St. Louis Browns over six seasons spanning 1942–1949.
  • September 22 – Bill Harman, 88, pitcher and catcher who played for the Philadelphia Phillies in its 1941 season.

October

November

  • November   9 –
    AAGPBL pitcher for the Rockford Peaches and Grand Rapids Chicks
    .
  • November 13 – MVP Award in 1957 and 1958 and posted a 42–14 record in 1961.
  • November 15 – Joe Nuxhall, 79, two-time All-Star pitcher who became the youngest man ever to play in the major leagues – a mark he still holds, when he debuted as a 15-year-old with the Cincinnati Reds on June 10, 1944, while pitching for Cincinnati nine more seasons from 1952 to 1960, and remaining in the Reds organization on a second career as a member of the broadcast team, as he called the Reds games including those with which they won the World Series in the 1975, 1976 and 1990, ending his baseball career in 2004, over 60 years after his professional pitching debut.[11]
  • November 22 – Ken Wood, 83, outfielder for the St. Louis Browns, Boston Red Sox and Washington Senators during six seasons from 1948 to 1953.
  • November 23 – Joe Kennedy, 28, pitcher for five teams since 2001, most recently with the Blue Jays; posted a 9–7 mark with a 3.66 ERA for the 2004 Rockies.
  • November 23 – Al Yates, 62, backup outfielder for the 1971 Milwaukee Brewers.
  • November 27 – Clancy Smyres, 85, pinch hitter in five appearances with the Brooklyn Dodgers in its 1944 season.
  • November 28 – Bob Marquis, 83, backup outfielder who played for the 1953 Cincinnati Redlegs.

December

  • December 14 – Cuddles Marshall, 82, pitcher for the New York Yankees and St. Louis Browns between 1946 and 1950, who was the Yankees pitcher to start the first night game at Yankee Stadium on May 28, 1946.
  • December 17 – Don Chevrier, 68, Canadian television broadcaster for the Toronto Blue Jays during 20 years, who also spanned The World of Sports variety show for CBC Sports for more than 30 years.
  • December 20 – Tommy Byrne, 87, All-Star pitcher for four American League teams who earned 72 of his 85 major league victories with the New York Yankees, including three 15-win seasons for pennant winners, earning two World Series with New York in 1949 and 1956.
  • December 21 – Jack Lamabe, 71, pitcher from 1962 to 1968 for seven major league teams, mainly with the Boston Red Sox.
  • December 25 – Jim Beauchamp, 68, outfielder and first baseman for seven major league teams from 1963 to 1974, who later managed in the minor league manager from 1975 to 1990 and coached in the major leagues from 1991 to 1998.
  • December 26 –
    NFL
    teams, including the Eagles, Redskins and Colts.

See also

Sources

  1. ^ "White Sox's Buehrle hurls first no-hitter of season". go.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  2. ^ "Retrosheet Boxscore: New York Yankees 16, Chicago White Sox 3". www.retrosheet.org. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  3. ^ "Retrosheet Boxscore: New York Yankees 23, Philadelphia Athletics 2 (1)". www.retrosheet.org. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  4. ^ Max Lanier. Article written by Gregory H. Wolf. SABR Biography Project. Retrieved on June 24, 2019.
  5. ^ Clem Labine. Article written by Alfonso Tusa. SABR Biography Project. Retrieved on June 23, 2019.
  6. ^ Ed Bailey. Article written by Warren Corbett. SABR Biography Project. Retrieved on June 23, 2019.
  7. ^ Dick Kryhoski 1950s Game-Worn Browns/Orioles Road Jersey. Huggins & Scott Auctions. Retrieved on June 24, 2019.
  8. ^ Al Salerno. Umpiring career record Retrosheet. Retrieved on June 24, 2019.
  9. ^ Hank Morgenweck Umpiring career record Retrosheet. Retrieved on June 24, 2019.
  10. ^ Phil Rizzuto. Article written by Lawrence Baldassaro. SABR Biography Project. Retrieved on June 24, 2019.
  11. ^ Joe Nuxhall. Article written by Ryan Borgemenke. SABR Biography Project. Retrieved on June 24, 2019.

External links