25th Arkansas Infantry Regiment

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25th Arkansas Infantry Regiment
Regimental Color of the Thirtieth Arkansas
Active1862–1865
DisbandedApril 26, 1865
Country Confederate States
Allegiance Arkansas
Branch Army
TypeInfantry
SizeRegiment
FacingsLight blue
EngagementsAmerican Civil War
Battle honoursConfederate Roll of Honor: Ten soldiers for the Battle of Murfreesboro[2]
Arkansas Confederate Infantry Regiments
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24th Arkansas Infantry Regiment 26th Arkansas Infantry Regiment

The 25th Arkansas Infantry was an

Price's 1864 Missouri Expedition.[3]

Organization

The 25th Arkansas Infantry was organized as the 30th Arkansas Infantry Regiment on June 18, 1862, when the 11th Battalion Arkansas Infantry was increased to a regiment.

Lieutenant Colonel Turnbull's Battalion was temporarily detached from Churchill's Brigade and assigned to duty with Colonel M. L. Clark's Artillery Brigade. Also Captain Franklin's Company, the Peyton Rifles of Pulaski County, which had been assigned as Company C of Jones' 8th Arkansas Infantry Battalion was transferred to Turnbull's 11th Arkansas Infantry Battalion in order to increase 11th Battalion to a full regiment which would be designated the 30th Arkansas Infantry Regiment.[5]
The regiment was composed of the following companies:

Turnbull, of Little Rock, was elected

Battle of Murfreesboro, the regiment was renamed as the 25th Arkansas Infantry. The field officers were Colonel Charles J. Turnbull, Lieutenant Colonels Eli Hufstedler and Thomas S. Simington, and Majors James J. Franklin and L. L. Noles.[8] Major Franklin was wounded at Murfreesboro, and Captain Noles, of Company E became major. He was killed at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, and was succeeded by Captain Cotter, of Company H. Captain S. T. Black, of Company D, was killed at Murfreesboro.[9]

Battles

Print shows a man in a gray military uniform with three stars on the collar. A large black moustache adorns his face.
Thomas J. Churchill

The new regiment was assigned to Thomas James Churchill's brigade of General Van Dorn's Army of the West by Special Order Number 64, dated April 24, 1862, from Memphis. After the Battle of Farmington, Mississippi, on May 9, 1862, as part of the general reorganization of Confederate forces for the upcoming Kentucky Campaign, the 30th Arkansas was assigned to Colonel Evander McNair's 2nd Brigade of Brigadier General Thomas James Churchill's 3rd Division of Major General Edmund Kirby Smith's Army of Central Kentucky and participated in the Battle of Richmond Kentucky. The unit reported 10 casualties at Richmond.[8]

After the Kentucky Campaign, General Bragg consolidated the

Battle of Murfreesboro.[8] In accordance with Confederate Adjutant and Inspector General's Office Order Number 131,[10] ten soldiers of the regiment were recognized for courage and good conduct on the field for the Battle of Murfreesboro[11]

Following the Battle of Murfreesboro, the unit was officially redesignated as the 25th Arkansas Infantry.[8] Heavy casualties suffered at Murfreesboro in McNair's Brigade caused several field (temporary) consolidations among its regiments. On February 9, 1863, the 25th Arkansas was temporarily consolidated with the 31st Arkansas. Colonel McCray, of the 31st Arkansas was placed in command of the consolidated 25th/31st Arkansas.[12]

Old photo shows a frowning man wearing a double-breasted gray military uniform. He sports a beard so large that it hides the entire lower part of his face.
William H. T. Walker

In June, 1863, McNair's Brigade was reassigned to

Siege of Jackson came on July 11 during an unsuccessful Union attack, which resulted in heavy casualties.[14] Instead of risking entrapment, Johnston chose to evacuate the state capital and withdrew on July 16. Sherman's forces occupied the city the following day.[13]

In the aftermath of the Vicksburg Campaign most of Johnston's army was transferred back to the Army of Tennessee. The 25th Arkansas participated in the

Chickamauga Campaign under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Eli Hufstedler.[15] Because the regiment mustered only 111 men at the beginning of the fight, the 25th Arkansas was consolidated with the 39th North Carolina Regiment under command of Col. David Coleman of the 39th North Carolina. Lieut. The 25th Arkansas sustained heavy casualties (over 50 percent) in proportion to its effective strength, eleven killed or mortally wounded, forty-seven wounded, and three missing for a total 61. According to an ordnance report prepared after the battle, the soldiers of the 25th Arkansas fired an average of 80 rounds per man during the battle.[16]

Following the Battle of Chickamauga, NcNair's Brigade moved back to central Mississippi to oppose General Sherman's

Meridian Campaign.[17] Sherman organized an expedition of 20,000 men to move into central Mississippi to break up Confederate rail communications and other infrastructure near Meridian, Mississippi, and solidify Union control of the Mississippi River. The Meridian campaign was a "dress rehearsal" for the style of war against infrastructure that Sherman, as well as some of these very troops, would later practice in Georgia. To counter the threat, Confederate President Jefferson Davis ordered troops to the area from other localities, including McNair's Brigade.[18] The Confederate commander in the area, Lieutenant General Leonidas Polk, consolidated a number of commands in and around Morton, Mississippi, but failed to stop Sherman's moves. Meridian was essentially destroyed by Sherman and most of Polk's forces were transferred to the Army of Tennessee in time to oppose Sherman's Atlanta Campaign.[19]

When Joseph E. Johnston assumed command of the Army of Tennessee in order to resist General Sherman's

Franklin-Nashville Campaign
. The unit participated in the following campaigns and engagements:

After the Battle of Nashville, Tennessee, the Arkansas regiments of Reynolds' Brigade marched via Bainbridge, Alabama, Tuscumbia, Iuka and Corinth to Tupelo, Mississippi, where they went into camp on January 10, 1865. They departed Tupelo on January 30 and marched to West Point, Mississippi. From West Point they traveled by rail to Selma, Alabama. From Selma they traveled by steamboat to Montgomery, then by rail to Columbus, Georgia. From Columbus they marched via Macon and Milledgeville to Mayfield, Georgia. From Mayfield they traveled by rail to Augusta, Georgia. From there they marched to Newberry, South Carolina. On March 19, 1865, they fought their last major engagement at the Battle of Bentonville, North Carolina. They then marched to Smithfield, North Carolina, where the entire brigade was consolidated into a single understrength regiment, the 1st Consolidated Mounted Rifles on April 9, 1865.[21]

Captured flag

Turnbull's 30th Arkansas Flag, McCown's Pattern, 1862

The 25th Arkansas Infantry was designated as the 30th Arkansas Infantry for a period of about six months in the winter of 1862–1863, until after the battle of Murfreesboro. While serving as the 30th Arkansas Infantry its colors were captured by the 2nd Ohio Infantry at the

Battle of Murfreesboro, Tennessee, on December 31, 1862. The flag was returned to the State of Arkansas by the U.S. War Department in 1905. The flag measures 40 inches on the staff by 46 inches on the fly. It is composed of a blue cotton field, bordered on all sides with white cotton, 3 inches wide, with a white St. Andrew's cross traversing the blue field. In black painted outline figures, 2-1/2 inches high, is the designation 30TH REG, ARK INF on the upper and lower borders, respectively. Two battle honors—FARMINGTON MISS and RICHMOND KY—appear in white painted outline letters, in the upper and lower quadrants, respectively, formed by the white cross. The flag is presently housed in the collection of the Old State House Museum in Little Rock, Arkansas.[22]

Consolidation and surrender

On April 9, 1865, the depleted Arkansas regiments of D. H. Reynolds' Brigade, Walthall's Division, Confederate Army of Tennessee, were consolidated into a single regiment the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Mounted Rifles, at Smithfield, North Carolina. The companies of the consolidated regiment were drawn from the following Arkansas regiments:[22][23]

  • Company A – 1st Arkansas Mounted Rifles.
  • Company B – 1st Arkansas Mounted Rifles.
  • Company C – 2nd Arkansas Mounted Rifles.
  • Company D – 2nd Arkansas Mounted Rifles.
  • Company E –
    4th Arkansas Infantry
    .
  • Company F – 4th Arkansas Infantry.
  • Company G – 31st Arkansas Infantry.
  • Company H –
    9th Arkansas Infantry
    .
  • Company I – 9th Arkansas Infantry.
  • Company K –
    25th Arkansas Infantry
    .

The 1st Arkansas Consolidated Mounted Rifles surrendered with the Army of Tennessee at Greensboro, North Carolina, April 26, 1865. The regiment was paroled on May 1, 1865, at Jamestown, North Carolina.[22] After the surrender, the men were offered free rail transportation (where available) in the direction of their homes, by what was left of the Southern railway companies. Most of the men traveled by rail, where they could. A large number of men were killed or seriously injured in a railroad accident at Flat Creek Bridge, Tennessee, on May 25, 1865.[21]

See also

Notes

  • Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System. National Park Service.

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-8160-2288-5
    , page 110
  2. ^ United States. War Dept. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 20, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1887, Page 974; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154629 : accessed February 07, 2012), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  3. ^ Howerton, Bryan R. "Re: Itinerary of Price's Army", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted 8 July 2004, Accessed 5 December 2011, http://history-sites.com/mb/cw/arcwmb/archive_index.cgi?noframes;read=7843 Archived 2012-04-06 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ a b Odom, Danny, "Organization Date of 25th Arkansas Infantry", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted 6 August 2011, Accessed 6 August 2011, http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs53x/arcwmb/webbbs_config.pl?noframes;read=24547
  5. ^ a b c d Odom, Danny "Re: 17th Arkansas Regiment, No. 2", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted 9 June 2012, Accessed 11 June 2012, http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs53x/arcwmb/webbbs_config.pl?noframes;read=26502
  6. ^ a b Arkansas Military Department Records, List of Commissioned Officers of the Militia 1827–1862, Arkansas History Commission, Microfilm Roll 00000038-8, Page 441
  7. ^ Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, The Peyton Rifles, Accessed February 4, 2011, "Peytonri". Archived from the original on 2010-07-01. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
  8. ^ a b c d National Park Service, Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System, Confederate Arkansas Troops, 25th Regiment, Arkansas Infantry, Accessed 27 January 2011, "Gen. Joe Wheeler was entangled in recount". Archived from the original on 2001-07-14. Retrieved 2011-07-27.
  9. ^ Ezell, Tom, "25TH ARKANSAS INFANTRY REGIMENT, CSA", Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, Accessed 6 August 2011, http://www.couchgenweb.com/civilwar/25thfs&o.htm
  10. ^ United States. War Dept. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 20, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1887; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154629/m1/982/?q=McGregor : accessed June 29, 2012), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  11. ^ United States. War Dept. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 20, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1887, Page 974; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154629 : accessed 7 February 2012), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  12. ^ a b Odom, Danny "Re: Where was 31st Arkansas Infantry at Stones Riv" Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted 25 June 2012, Accessed 26 June 2012, http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs53x/arcwmb/webbbs_config.pl?noframes;read=26685
  13. ^
    ISBN 0-8094-4744-4
    , Page 156.
  14. ^ Gue, Benjamin F. History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4 Vol. 4. Iowa Biography, 1903, p. 164.
  15. ^ United States. War Dept. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 30, In Four Parts. Part 2, Reports., Book, 1891; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth152979/m1/34/?q=arkansas Chickamauga : accessed June 26, 2012), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  16. ^ Howerton, Bryan R. "25th Arkansas at Chickamauga" Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted 2/8/2009, Accessed 3 August 2013 http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs62x/arcwmb/webbbs_config.pl?md=read;id=19547
  17. ^ United States. War Dept. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 32, In Three Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1891; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth152618/m1/185/?q=Meridian, Mississippi : accessed June 26, 2012), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  18. ^ United States. War Dept. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 32, In Three Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1891; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth152618/m1/352/?q=Arkansas : accessed July 06, 2012), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  19. ^ Mississippi History - Sherman's Meridian Campaign Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ United States. War Dept. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 38, In Five Parts. Part 3, Reports., Book, 1891; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154634/m1/663/?q=Reynolds Arkansas : accessed June 26, 2012), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  21. ^ a b Howerton, Bryan R. "Re: 25 Infantry Company C", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted 20 March 2005, Accessed 8 February 2012, http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs53x/arcwmb/arch_config.pl?read=9849[permanent dead link]
  22. ^ a b c Howerton, Bryan, "25th Ark Inf. Battle Flag ", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted, 17 February 2009, 6:25 am, Accessed 6 August 2011, http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs53x/arcwmb/webbbs_config.pl?noframes;read=19616
  23. ^ Bryan Howerton, "1st Consolidated Mounted Rifles", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted, 5 January 2009, 8:58 am" Accessed 6 August 2011, http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs53x/arcwmb/webbbs_config.pl?noframes;read=19347

Bibliography

External links
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