33 Polyhymnia

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33 Polyhymnia
Synodic rotation period
18.60888±0.00029 h[7]
S[3] or Sq[8]
8.55[3]

Polyhymnia (

Muse of sacred hymns
.

Rotation

ecliptic latitudes –61° to –65°) with respect to the ecliptic.[7]

Orbit

Due to its high

gravitational perturbations of the planets.[12] Measurements of the position for this asteroid from 1854 to 1969 were used to determine the gravitational influence of Jupiter upon 33 Polyhymnia. This yields an inverse mass ratio of 1,047.341 ± 0.011 for Jupiter relative to the Sun.[13]

Mass and density

In 2012, a study by Benoît Carry estimated a mass of (6.20±0.74)×1018 kg for Polyhymnia based on its gravitational influence on other Solar System bodies.[5] However, given Polyhymnia's diameter of 54 km (34 mi), this mass implies an extremely high density of 75.28±9.71 g/cm3. Such a high density is unrealistic, so this mass and density estimate of Polyhymnia was considered unreliable by Carry.[5] Several other asteroids with diameters similar to Polyhymnia were also measured to have extremely high densities in Carry's study, and were rejected for being unrealistic.[5] Because of Polyhymnia's small size, its gravitational influence on other bodies is extremely difficult to detect and may lead to highly inaccurate mass and density estimates.[5] For example, the 68 km (42 mi)-diameter asteroid 675 Ludmilla was originally measured to have a density of 73.99±15.05 g/cm3 in Carry's study,[5] but improved orbit calculations in 2019 showed that it had a much lower density of 3.99±1.94 g/cm3.[14]

No other

occultation-derived diameter of 64 ± 6 km (39.8 ± 3.7 mi) and infrared-derived diameter of 54 km (34 mi), respectively.[16][17]

Composition

Q-type asteroids.[8]: 155, 164–165  Since Polyhymnia shares both characteristics of S- and Q-type asteroids, it is further classified as an Sq-type asteroid according to the SMASS classification.[8]: 155, 164–165  Radio telescopes have studied Polyhymnia by radar in 1985.[18][19]

In 2023, researchers Evan LaForge, Will Price, and Johann Rafelski speculated the possibility that Polyhymnia could be composed of high-density

superheavy elements near atomic number 164, if Polyhymnia's extremely high density were correct and superheavy elements could be sufficiently stable.[20] However, as noted above, Polyhymnia very likely does not have such a high density.[16][17]

References

  1. ^ a b "Numbered Minor Planets 1–5000", Discovery Circumstances, IAU Minor Planet center, retrieved 7 April 2013.
  2. ^ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
  3. ^
    NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
    . Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  4. S2CID 119289027
    . 63.
  5. ^
    doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009
    . See Table 1.
  6. ^ Broughton, John (30 April 2018). "Asteroid Dimensions from Occultations". asteroidoccultation.com. International Occultation Timing Association. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  7. ^
    Bibcode:2020MPBu...47..120F
    .
  8. ^
    doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6856
    .
  9. Bibcode:2009MPBu...36...25P
    .
  10. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..130P
    .
  11. ^ "AstDyS (33) Polyhymnia Ephemerides for 8 Sept 2014". AstDyS-2 (Asteroids - Dynamic Site). Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  12. Bibcode:1999esra.conf..297S
    .
  13. Bibcode:1970BAAS....2S.247J
    .
  14. ^ Kretlow, Mike. "Size, Mass and Density of Asteroids (SiMDA) – Summary for: (675) Ludmilla". Size, Mass and Density of Asteroids (SiMDA). Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  15. ^ Kretlow, Mike. "Size, Mass and Density of Asteroids (SiMDA) – Summary for: (33) Polyhymnia". Size, Mass and Density of Asteroids (SiMDA). Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  16. ^ a b c Li, Fan (19 October 2023). "Re: (33) Polyhymnia". Minor Planets Mailing List. Groups.io. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  17. ^ a b Li, Fan (19 October 2023). "Re: (33) Polyhymnia". Minor Planets Mailing List. Groups.io. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  18. ^ "Radar-Detected Asteroids and Comets". NASA/JPL Asteroid Radar Research. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
  19. Bibcode:1998DPS....30.5516M, archived from the original
    (PDF) on 15 April 2012, retrieved 26 July 2011
  20. doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-04454-8
    . 812.

External links

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