43 Group
Formation | April 1946 |
---|---|
Dissolved | 4 June 1950 |
Type | Anti-fascism |
Location |
The 43 Group was a British
Their newspaper, On Guard, was published from 1947 to 1949.[3]
Early history and activities
The name "43 Group" came from the number of people in the room of
- Merchant Navyduring World War II. He lived through two torpedo attacks during the War.
- Gerald Flamberg, a middleweight boxing champion and member of 156 Battalion. Flamberg won the Military Medal at Arnhem during Operation Market Garden;[5][6]
- Leonard Sherman, a martial arts expert and member of the Welsh Guards;
- Alec Carson, who flew Hawker Hurricanes in the Battle of Britain.
The 17-year-old
The initial membership was around 300 people. The group grew to include many hundreds of men and women, not all Jewish. Many among them had been decorated for bravery, including the
The group published On Guard, from July 1947 to December 1949, an anti-fascist paper which often published intelligence gathered by Group spies. As well as covering the activities of Oswald Mosley and the British fascists, On Guard reported on the activities of fascists all around the world and racist injustices in countries including the USA and South Africa.[3]
Relationship with other organisations
The 43 Group was viewed by established Jewish organisations, such as the
Dissolution and impact
The 43 Group was voluntarily disbanded on 4 June 1950, as its members considered that the immediate threat had passed. [13] Although Mosley's Union Movement remained active throughout the 1950s, it was not until 1962, when the unrelated 62 Group was formed in the 43 Group's image, that British fascists again encountered any significant privately organised street-level resistance.
The overall effect of 43 Group is unclear. Morris Beckman argued that it was crucial in stopping a resurgence of fascism in post-war Britain. The 43 group was undoubtedly an inspiration to other militant
Legacy
In 2004, the group was the subject of
In September 2015, it was announced that
Historical Marker
Placed by the Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation, U.K. Branch, organised by Martin Sugarman, financed by Jerry Klinger (JASHP), and the Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen and Women, at the site of the 43 Group Headquarters. The marker is located about 1/4 mile from Trafalgar Square in London.[18]
"At 4 Panton Street was the Headquarters of the mostly Jewish ex-servicemen and Women's organization. The 43 Group They confronted the British Neo-fascist movement in 1946-50 and early 1960s to rid Britain of Antisemitism and all hatred. Be strong and of good courage (Joshua 1:9) Hebrew (The Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation U.K. Branch and AJEX UK)"
December, 2023, the Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation, U.K. Branch, together with the Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen and Women, organised by Martin Sugarman, placed the Ridley Rd. Marker.[19] The Ridley Rd. area was the key area where the hatred, bigotry and racism of the British Neo-Nazi/Fascist movement was confronted by the 43 Group.
The Text reads:
"This Ridley Road plaque marks a key site where the mainly Jewish Ex-Servicemen and Women anti-Fascist organization 'The 43 Group' Confronted the British Neo-Fascist movement in 1946-50 and early 1960s to rid Britain of antisemitism and all hatred."
"Be Strong and of Good Courage (Joshua 1:9) (The Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation UK Branch and AJEX UK)[20]
See also
References
- S2CID 143994809.
- ISBN 0-333-72009-1
- ^ OCLC 1108710216.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
- ^ "Gerry Flamberg, 1922-2007, Campaigner". The Jewish Lives Project. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
- ^ "Jews at the Battle of Arnhem". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
- ^ Anita Singh (21 April 2008). "Vidal Sassoon: Anti-fascist warrior-hairdresser". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 27 April 2008.
- ^ "Pictorial History: Acquiring Arms and Personnel". Aliyah Bet & Machal Virtual Museum. Retrieved 27 April 2008.
- ^ Mark Gould (22 February 2009). "Last reunion for war heroes who came home to fight the fascists". The Independent. London. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
- ^ "Tommy Gould VC". The Daily Telegraph. London. 7 December 2001. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
- ^ Todd M. Endelman "The Jews of Britain, 1656 to 2000" University of California
Press, 2002, p233 ISBN 0-520-22719-0
- ^ House of Commons Archived 27 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine [vague]
- ISBN 978-1788733243P.307
- S2CID 225694206. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
- ^ "The Archive Hour, A Rage in Dalston". BBC. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
- ^ Wagmeister, Elizabeth (29 September 2015). "NBC Developing WWII Miniseries with BBC About Jews Who Fought Nazis in Britain". Variety. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Hennigan, Adrian (25 November 2019). "For these Jewish vigilantes, the war against fascism didn't end in 1945". Haaretz.
- ^ Rosenberg, Michelle. "Former secret London HQ of Jewish anti-fascist group commemorated". www.jewishnews.co.uk. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
- ^ https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/ridley-road-the-43-group-fighting-neo-fascism-hatred-ignorance-and-bigotry/
- ^ "Ridley Road plaque honours the 43 Group's anti-Fascist triumph".
Further reading
- Morris Beckman: The 43 Group. Centerprise Publication, June 2000 ISBN 0-903738-75-9
- Daniel Sonabend: "We Fight Fascists". The 43 Group and Their Forgotten Battle for Post-War Britain. Verso Books, October 2019 ISBN 978-1788733243
- (in German) Daniel Sonabend: Die 43 Group wurde ein Opfer ihres eigenen Erfolgs. jungle world, Berlin, #36, 2020, september 3, p. 17