Abbé Faria

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For other uses, see L'Abbé (disambiguation).

Abbé (Abbot)
Faria
Abade José Custódio de Faria
Faria portrayed in Alexandre Dumas's adventure novel The Count of Monte Cristo (1846)
Born
José Custódio de Faria

(1756-05-31)31 May 1756
Candolim, Goa, Portuguese India
Died20 September 1819(1819-09-20) (aged 63)
Montmartre, Paris, Kingdom of France
NationalityPortuguese
OccupationCatholic priest
Known forScientific study of hypnotism
Notable workDa Causa do Sono Lúcido no Estudo da Natureza do Homem
Websiteabbefaria.com

hypnotism, following on from the work of Franz Mesmer. Unlike Mesmer, who claimed that hypnosis was mediated by "animal magnetism", Faria understood that it worked purely by the power of suggestion. In the early 19th century, Abbé Faria introduced oriental hypnosis to Paris
.

Faria was one of the first to depart from the theory of the "magnetic fluid", to place in relief the importance of suggestion, and to demonstrate the existence of "autosuggestion"; he also established that what he termed nervous sleep belongs to the natural order. From his earliest magnetizing séances, in 1814, he boldly developed his doctrine. Nothing comes from the magnetizer; everything comes from the subject and takes place in his imagination generated from within the mind. Magnetism is only a form of sleep. Although of the moral order, the magnetic action is often aided by physical, or rather by physiological, means–fixedness of look and cerebral fatigue.

Faria changed the terminology of mesmerism. Previously, the focus was on the "concentration" of the subject. In Faria's terminology the operator became "the concentrator" and

somnambulism was viewed as a lucid sleep. The method of hypnosis used by Faria is command, following expectancy. The theory of Abbé Faria is now known as Fariism. Later, Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault (1864–1904), the founder of the Nancy School, and Émile Coué (1857–1926), father of applied conditioning, developed the theory of suggestion and autosuggestion and began using them as therapeutic tools. Johannes Schultz developed these theories as Autogenic training
.

Early life

José Custódio de Faria was born in

Goan Catholic of the Bamonn caste,[2][3] and was also of partial African descent.[4]

Since his parents fought all the time, they decided to separate and obtained the Church's dispensation. Caetano Vitorino joined the seminary to study for the priesthood (he had already taken lower orders before his marriage). Rosa Maria became a nun, joining the St. Monica Convent in Old Goa.

Move to Lisbon

Faria's father, Caetano, had great ambition for himself and his son. Hence, Faria reached Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal on, 23 December 1771 with his father at the age of 15. After a year they managed to convince the King of Portugal, Joseph I, to send them to Rome for Faria Sr. to earn a doctorate in theology, and the son to pursue his studies for the priesthood.

Eventually, the son too earned his doctorate, dedicating his

Mary I of Portugal, and another study, on the Holy Spirit to the Pope. Apparently the pope was sufficiently impressed to invite José Custódio to preach a sermon in the Sistine Chapel
, which he himself attended.

On his return to Lisbon, the Queen was informed by the

vegetables
, cut the vegetables). Jolted, the son lost his fear and preached fluently.

Faria Jr., from then on, often wondered how a mere phrase from his father could alter his state of mind so radically as to wipe off his stage fright in a second. The question would have far reaching consequences in his life.

Participation in Pinto Revolt

Faria was implicated in the Conspiracy of the Pintos during 1787, and left for France in 1788. He stayed in Paris residing at Rue de Ponceau.

Later years in France

In Paris, Faria became a leader of one of the

Franz Anton Mesmer
), to whom he dedicated his book Causas do Sono Lúcido ("On the Causes of Lucid Sleep").

In 1811, he was appointed

University of France at Nîmes
, and was elected member of the Société Medicale de Marseille at Marseille.

In 1813, Faria realised that animal magnetism was gaining importance in Paris and returned to Paris and started promoting a new doctrine. He provoked unending controversies with his work Da Causa do Sono Lúcido no Estudo da Natureza do Homem (On the cause of Lucid Sleep in the Study of the Nature of Man), published in Paris in 1819 and was soon accused of being a charlatan.

He retired as chaplain to an obscure religious establishment, and died of a stroke in Paris on 30 September 1819. He left behind no addresses [citation needed] and his grave remains unmarked and unknown, somewhere in Montmartre.

Legacy

Panjim
, Goa

There is a

Idalcão palace). It was sculpted in 1945 by Ramchandra Pandurang Kamat or earlier by Constâncio Fernandes.[5] Portugal commemorated the 250th anniversary of the Faria's in May 2006 by releasing a postcard (featuring his statue in Panjim, India.[citation needed] A street in the Areeiro
zone of Lisbon is also named in his honour.

An authentic caricature of him is preserved in the National Library of Paris.

liberation of Goa
.

French novelist Alexandre Dumas' 1844 novel The Count of Monte Cristo features a prominent character named Abbé Faria, who was imprisoned in the Château d'If in solitary confinement, and he learned a certain self-control while imprisoned. Otherwise, the character does not have a strong resemblance to his historical analogue.

Abbé Faria, a play by Indian writer

Paulo Bernard Guedes
.

The Institute of Clinical Hypnosis and Counselling was established in the Indian state of Kerala as a memorial to Faria.

Kator Re Bhaji, is a play was written and directed by

Indian theatre troupe from Goa, which celebrated the 250th anniversary of Faria's birth.[9]
Laurent Carrer included the first English translation of Faria's single tome, originally written in French as De la cause du sommeil lucide ou Etude de la nature de l’homme (On the Cause of Lucid Sleep or Study On The Nature of Man) in his 2004 José Custódio de Faria: Hypnotist, Priest and Revolutionary.

Further reading

  1. Moniz, A. Egas, O Padre Faria na história do hipnotismo (Abbé Faria in the history of hypnotism), Lisbon
    : Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1925.
  2. Dalgado, D.G., Memoire sur la vie de l'Abbé Faria, Paris, 1906.
  3. Charles. J. Borges, Goa and the revolt of 1787.
  4. Digitised copy of Abbé Faria's original manuscript "De la cause du sommeil lucide" (original version in French) – Preface by D.G. Dalgado – Paris 1906 – courtesy of Dr. Paret. A copiously annotated English translation of this work, including Dalgado's preface, can be found in Laurent Carrer's "On the Cause of Lucid Sleep," now available as a Kindle eBook on Amazon.

References

  1. ^ Indian Journal of Psychiatry, Volume 16, 1974, University of California, p. 307
  2. ^ ABBÉ FARIA and the CONSPIRACY of 1787 – Prof. Alfredo de Mello, Abbefaria.com, "Caetano Victorino de Faria, a Brahmin Christian, born in Colvale, in the north of Bardez district, just on the south bank of the river Chapora, devoted himself to ecclesiastical studies when young."
  3. ISBN 978-1-903471-22-7, Google Print, p. 57
    "Abbé José Custodio Faria was born on May 30, 1756, in Candolim, just inland of Calangute. His family claimed descent from Brahmins in Colvale, but his parents separated after his birth, his mother becoming a nun and his father a priest."
  4. ISBN 978-0-521-02850-9
    .
  5. ISBN 978-0143100812
    .
  6. ^ Britto, Nigel; Menezes, Vivek, eds. (2014). Mundo Goa. Goa: Singbal's book house.
  7. ^ "Great Goans: Abbé Faria (1756 – 1819)". Veena Patwardhan.
  8. ISBN 978-8171894413. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
    )
  9. ^
    ISBN 9780226185323
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