Aircraft engine

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An aircraft engine, often referred to as an aero engine, is the power component of an

.

Manufacturing industry

The largest manufacturer of turboprop engines for general aviation is Pratt & Whitney.^[2] General Electric announced in 2015 entrance into the market.^[2]

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• 1903:
  Manly-Balzer engine sets standards for later radial engines.^[3]
• 1910: Coandă-1910, an unsuccessful ducted fan aircraft exhibited at Paris Aero Salon, powered by a piston engine. The aircraft never flew, but a patent was filed for routing exhaust gases into the duct to augment thrust.^[4][5][6][7]
• 1914: Auguste Rateau suggests using exhaust-powered compressor – a turbocharger – to improve high-altitude performance;^[3] not accepted after the tests^[8]
• 1918: Sanford Alexander Moss picks up Rateau's idea and creates the first successful turbocharger^[3][9]
• 1926: Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar IV (S), the first series-produced supercharged engine for aircraft use.^{[10][nb 1]}
• 2020:
  EASA. It powers the Pipistrel Velis Electro, the first fully electric EASA type-certified aeroplane.^[11]

Shaft engines

Reciprocating (piston) engines

For other configurations of aviation inline engine, such as X-engines, U-engines, H-engines, etc., see Inline engine (aeronautics).

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Pratt & Whitney R-2800

engine

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Rotary engines have the cylinders in a circle around the crankcase, as in a radial engine, (see above), but the crankshaft is fixed to the airframe and the propeller is fixed to the engine case, so that the crankcase and cylinders rotate. The advantage of this arrangement is that a satisfactory flow of cooling air is maintained even at low airspeeds, retaining the weight advantage and simplicity of a conventional air-cooled engine without one of their major drawbacks. The first practical rotary engine was the Gnome Omega designed by the Seguin brothers and first flown in 1909. Its relative reliability and good power to weight ratio changed aviation dramatically.^[12]

The

In modern times the Wankel engine has been used in motor gliders where the compactness, light weight, and smoothness are crucially important.^[14]

Starting in the 1930s attempts were made to produce a practical

Power turbines

Turboprop

Garrett TPE-331

turboprop engine showing the gearbox at the front of the engine

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A number of electrically powered aircraft, such as the

On 18 May 2020, the

Many big companies, such as Siemens, are developing high performance electric engines for aircraft use, also, SAE shows new developments in elements as pure Copper core electric motors with a better efficiency. A hybrid system as emergency back-up and for added power in take-off is offered for sale by Axter Aerospace, Madrid, Spain.[20]

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The term advanced technology engine refers to the modern generation of jet engines.^[21]

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XLR99

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A rocket turbine engine is a combination of two types of propulsion engines: a liquid-propellant rocket and a turbine jet engine. Its power-to-weight ratio is a little higher than a regular jet engine, and works at higher altitudes.^[22]

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At the April 2018

core. The 2.87 m diameter, 16-blade fan gives a 33.7 ultra-high bypass ratio, driven by a geared low-pressure turbine but the high-pressure compressor drive comes from a piston-engine with two 10 piston banks without a high-pressure turbine, increasing efficiency with non-stationary isochoric-isobaric combustion for higher peak pressures and temperatures. The 11,200 lb (49.7 kN) engine could power a 50-seat regional jet.^[23]

Its cruise

Although engine weight increases by 30%, aircraft fuel consumption is reduced by 15%.^[25] Sponsored by the

Engine position numbering

On multi-engine aircraft, engine positions are numbered from left to right from the point of view of the pilot looking forward, so for example on a four-engine aircraft such as the Boeing 747, engine No. 1 is on the left side, farthest from the fuselage, while engine No. 3 is on the right side nearest to the fuselage.^[27]

In the case of the twin-engine English Electric Lightning, which has two fuselage-mounted jet engines one above the other, engine No. 1 is below and to the front of engine No. 2, which is above and behind.^[28]

Refineries blend Avgas with tetraethyllead (TEL) to achieve these high octane ratings, a practice that governments no longer permit for gasoline intended for road vehicles. The shrinking supply of TEL and the possibility of environmental legislation banning its use have made a search for replacement fuels for general aviation aircraft a priority for pilots’ organizations.^[29]

See also

• Aviation safety
• Engine configuration
• Federal Aviation Regulations
• Hyper engine
• Model engine
• United States military aircraft engine designations

References

1. ISBN 9780850451634
   .
2. ^ ^{a b} "GE Pushes Into Turboprop Engines, Taking on Pratt". Wall Street Journal. November 16, 2015.
3. ^
   ISBN 978-0-203-19211-5
   .
4. ISBN 9780112900139
   .
5. Her Majesty's Stationery Office
   .
6. doi:10.1017/S0001924000031407
   .
7. ISBN 978-973-7729-61-3
   .
8. ISBN 978-1-84603-432-9
   .
9. ^ Powell, Hickman (Jun 1941). "He Harnessed a Tornado..." Popular Science.
10. ISBN 978-1-56347-525-2
    .
11. ^ ^{a b} Calderwood, Dave (9 July 2020). "Pipistrel offers type certified electric motor". Seager Publishing. FLYER Magazine. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
12. ISBN 1-9007-4752-9
    .
13. ISBN 978-2-907051-17-0
    .
14. ^ "ASH 26 E Information". DE: Alexander Schleicher. Archived from the original on 2006-10-08. Retrieved 2006-11-24.
15. ^ "Diamond Twins Reborn". Flying Mag. Archived from the original on 2014-06-18. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
16. ^ ^{a b} Worldwide première: first aircraft flight with electrical engine, Association pour la Promotion des Aéronefs à Motorisation Électrique, December 23, 2007, archived from the original on 2008-01-10.
17. Physorg.com, archived from the original
    on 2008-02-23.
18. ^ Voyeur, Litemachines, archived from the original on 2009-12-31.
19. ^ "TCDS for E811 engine, model 268MVLC" (PDF). European Union Aviation Safety Agency. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
20. ^ Axter Aerospace
21. ISBN 9780850451634
    .
22. ^ "Analysis of the effect of factors on the efficiency of liquid rocket turbine" by Zu, Guojun; Zhang, Yuanjun Journal of Propulsion Technology no. 6, p. 38-43, 58.[1]
23. ^ David Kaminski-Morrow (24 April 2018). "Hybrid geared-fan and piston concept could slash fuel-burn". Flightglobal.
24. ^ "Composite Cycle Engine concept technical data sheet" (PDF). Bauhaus Luftfahrt.
25. ^ "The composite cycle engine concept". Bauhaus Luftfahrt.
26. ISBN 978-1-62410-321-6
    .
27. ^ National Business Aircraft Association (1952). Skyways for business. Vol. 11. Henry Publications. p. 52.
28. ^ "English Electric Lightning F53 (53-671) – Power Plants". Gatwick Aviation Museum. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
29. ^ "EAA'S Earl Lawrence Elected Secretary of International Aviation Fuel Committee" (Press release). Archived from the original on March 3, 2013.
30. ^ "Electric Airplanes - RTF". www.nitroplanes.com.
31. ^ "Amazon.com: Photography Drones Store: Buying Guide: Electronics". Amazon.
32. ^ "RC Quadcopters". www.nitroplanes.com.
33. ^ "Yeair! hybrid gasoline/electric quadcopter boasts impressive numbers". www.gizmag.com. 27 May 2015.
34. ^ "Goliath – A Gas Powered Quadcopter". hackaday.io.
35. ^ "Heavy Lifting Quadcopter Lifts 50 Pound Loads. It's a Gas Powered HULK (HLQ)". Industry Tap. 2013-03-11.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aircraft engines.

Look up aircraft engine in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Aircraft Engines and Aircraft Engine Theory (includes links to diagrams)
• The Aircraft Engine Historical Society
• Jet Engine Specification Database
• Aircraft Engine Efficiency: Comparison of Counter-rotating and Axial Aircraft LP Turbines
• The History of Aircraft Power Plants Briefly Reviewed : From the " 7 lb. per h.p" Days to the " 1 lb. per h.p" of To-day
• "The Quest for Power" a 1954 Flight article by Bill Gunston
• "Engine Directory". Flight International. 24 September 1997.