Albert III, Duke of Saxony

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Not to be confused with Albert III, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg.

Albert III
Roman Catholicism

Albert III (

Duke of Saxony. He was nicknamed Albert the Bold or Albert the Courageous and founded the Albertine line of the House of Wettin
.

Biography

Ernest, Elector of Saxony (1464–1486), Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (1428–1464) and Albert III, Duke of Saxony (1486–1500); from left to right, Fürstenzug, Dresden, Germany

Albert was born in Grimma as the third and youngest son (but fifth child in order of birth) of Frederick II the Gentle, Elector of Saxony, and Margarete of Austria, sister of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor. Later, he was a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece.[1]

After escaping from the hands of Kunz von Kaufungen, who had abducted him together with his brother Ernest, he spent some time at the court of the emperor Frederick III in Vienna.[2]

In

Meissen, together with some adjoining districts, and founded the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin.[2]

Regarded as a capable soldier by the emperor, Albert (in 1475) took a prominent part in the campaign against

led an expedition against Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, which failed owing to lack of support on the part of the emperor.[2]

From 1477 a new conflict arose with king

Matthias Corvinus of Hungary who started to invade the Austrian Habsburg lands. The conflict is known as the Austrian–Hungarian War (1477–1488). The Kaiser did not succeed in persuading the German electors and other imperial estates to provide military assistance. In the spring of 1483 Frederick fled Vienna to the safe city of Wiener Neustadt, in 1485 Corvinus was able to conquer Vienna and had himself called “ Archduke of Austria ” (Dux Austriae). In August 1487, the Hungarians succeeded in taking Wiener Neustadt, the new imperial residence in eastern Lower Austria. Friedrich first had to flee to Graz and temporarily flee to Linz in Upper Austria. After the imperial war against Hungary had been decided at the Nuremberg Diet in 1487, Duke Albert was appointed as the supreme commander of the entire imperial army. He was supposed to oppose Matthias' famous standing professional army, the Black Army of Hungary
. After the Hungarian occupation of Vienna, Albrecht's task was to reconquer the lost Austrian territories. However, this failed due to the poor equipment of his army, so he had to wage a difficult defensive war under adverse circumstances. Duke Albrecht knew that no decisive help was to be expected from the Reich in the near future, but that the situation in the hereditary lands would deteriorate visibly. On 17 November 1487, Duke Albrecht informed Emperor Frederick that, under the ongoing military situation in his hereditary lands, a compromise with the King of Hungary would be the only rational solution. The war came to an end with an armistice in 1488, although the Habsburgs rankled with the peace.[3] At the beginning of December, Matthias Corvinus met with Albrecht of Saxony in Markersdorf an der Pielach, a little later an armistice was reached in St. Pölten on 6 December, which was extended several times until the death of the Hungarian king.[3][4]

In 1488 he was appointed

Governor of the Netherlands (until 1493)[5][6] and marched with the imperial forces to free the Roman king Maximilian from his imprisonment at Bruges, and when, in 1489, the King returned to Germany, Albert was left as his representative to prosecute the war against the rebels. He was successful in restoring the authority of Maximilian in Holland, Flanders, and Brabant, but failed to obtain any repayment of the large sums of money which he had spent in these campaigns.[2]

His services were rewarded in 1498 when Maximilian bestowed upon him the title of Hereditary Governor (potestat) of

Groningen, but soon afterwards he died at Emden. He was buried at Meissen.[2]

Albert, who was a man of great strength and considerable skill in feats of arms, delighted in tournaments and knightly exercises. His loyalty to the emperor Frederick, and the expenses incurred in this connection, aroused some irritation among his subjects, but his rule was a period of prosperity in Saxony.[2]

Family and children

With his wife Sidonie, Albrecht had nine children:

  1. Sigismund of Austria, and secondly on 1497 to Duke Eric I of Brunswick-Calenberg
    .
  2. Georg "der Bärtige" (Meissen, 27 August 1471 – Dresden, 17 April 1539).
  3. Heinrich V "der Fromme" (Dresden, 16 March 1473 – Dresden, 18 August 1541).
  4. Teutonic Knights
    .
  5. Anna (Dresden, 3 August 1478 – Dresden, 1479).
  6. Stillborn child (1479).
  7. Louis (Torgau, 28 September 1481 – Torgau?, some days later / Torgau?, young after 1498) [?].
  8. John (born and died Torgau, 24 June 1484).
  9. John (Torgau, 2 December 1498 – Torgau?, some days later / Torgau?, young in September of the same year as his brother Louis) [?].

Ancestry

References

  1. S2CID 194049308
    .
  2. ^ a b c d e f  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Albert III.". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 497–498. Endnote: See
    • F. A. von Langenn, Herzog Albrecht der Beherzte, Stammvater des königlichen Hauses Sachsen (Leipzig, 1838)
    • O. Sperling, Herzog Albrecht der Beherzte von Sachsen als Gubernator Frieslands (Leipzig, 1892).
  3. ^ a b „Gedächtnis des Landes“ der Geschichtsdatenbank Niederösterreichs, ed. (26 July 2022). "Chronik. Waffenstillstand mit König Matthias Corvinus zu St. Pölten". gedaechtnisdeslandes.at.
  4. ^ Susanne Wolf: [1] Die Doppelregierung Kaiser Friedrichs III. und König Maximilians (1486–1493), S. 173.
  5. ISBN 9780802085771
    .
  6. ^ "Albert III duke of Saxony". Britannica. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
Albert III, Duke of Saxony
Born: 27 January 1443 Died: 12 September 1500
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Duke of Saxony

1464–1500 		Succeeded by
Government offices
Vacant
Direct rule of Maximilian I
Title last held by
Engelbert II of Nassau
Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands

1488 to 1492 		Vacant
Direct rule of
Philip the Handsome
Title next held by
Engelbert II of Nassau
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