Ernest, Duke of Austria
Ernest I | |
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Albert VI | |
Born | 1377 Bruck an der Mur, Duchy of Styria |
Died | Bruck an der Mur, Duchy of Styria | 10 June 1424
Spouse | Margaret of Pomerania Cymburgis of Masovia |
Issue | Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor Margaret of Austria Albert VI, Archduke of Austria Alexander of Austria Rudolf of Austria Catherine of Austria Leopold of Austria Anna of Austria Ernest of Austria |
House | Habsburg |
Father | Leopold III, Duke of Austria |
Mother | Viridis Visconti |
Ernest the Iron (German: Ernst der Eiserne; 1377 – 10 June 1424), a member of the House of Habsburg, ruled over the Inner Austrian duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola from 1406 until his death. He was head of the Habsburg Leopoldian line from 1411.
Biography
Ernest was born in
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Habsburger_Wappenbuch_Fisch_saa-V4-1985_050r.jpg/220px-Habsburger_Wappenbuch_Fisch_saa-V4-1985_050r.jpg)
In 1401 Ernest accompanied King
In 1407, however, conflicts between Leopold and Ernest resulted in a civil war that lasted until May 1409. When Leopold died without male heirs in 1411, Ernest finally became the uncontested head of the Leopoldian branch. In 1414, he became the last Duke to be enthroned according to Carantanian traditional rite at the Prince's Stone in Carinthia, and from that time on called himself 'archduke'. He was the first Habsburg to actually use this title, which had been invented by his uncle Duke Rudolf IV.
Ernest was made a member of the Order of the Dragon and of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem in 1414, however, he became bitter with the Luxembourg king Sigismund from 1412 onwards. When his brother Frederick IV, a supporter of Antipope John XXIII at the Council of Constance, was banned by the king in 1417, Ernest first attempted to gain control over Frederick's territories himself, but then came to an agreement with him and successfully defended Tyrol against Sigismund's pretensions. Ernest turned out to be a capable ruler of the Inner Austrian lands; his eldest son Frederick V would become sole heir of all Habsburg lines, elected King of the Romans in 1440 and crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1452.
Ernest died at Bruck an der Mur, and was buried in the Cistercian monastery of Rein near Graz. His nickname the Iron only came into use after his death.
Family and children
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ernst_der_Eiserne.jpg/220px-Ernst_der_Eiserne.jpg)
On 14 January 1392, Ernest married his first wife, Margaret of Pomerania. She was a daughter of the
On 25 January 1412, Ernest married his second wife, the Piast princess Cymburgis of Masovia.[2] They had:
- Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (21 September 1415 – 19 August 1493)[1]
- Margaret of Austria (1416/17 – 12 February 1486), married on 3 June 1431 to Frederick II, Elector of Saxony[2]
- Albert VI, Archduke of Austria (18 December 1418 – 2 December 1463)
- Alexander of Austria (died 1420)
- Rudolf of Austria (died before 1424)
- Catherine of Austria (1420 – 11 September 1493), married on 15 July 1447 to Charles I, Margrave of Baden-Baden[2]
- Leopold of Austria (died before 1424)
- Anna of Austria (died 11 November 1429)
- Ernest of Austria (died 10 August 1432)
As the ruler of Inner Austria and founder of the older Styrian line of the Habsburgs, which, by their son, Frederick III survived the Albertinian (Austrian) and Tyrolean lines, Ernest and Cymburgis became the ancestors of all later emperors of the Habsburg monarchy.
Ancestors
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Male-line family tree
References
- ^ a b Lodge 1924, p. 273.
- ^ a b c Hohkamp 2007, Figure 5.1.
Sources
- Lodge, Eleanor Constance (1924). The End of the Middle Age, 1273-1453. Methuen & Company Limited.
- Hohkamp, Michaela (2007). "Sisters, Aunts, and Cousins: Familial Architectures and the Political Field in Early Modern Europe". In Sabean, David Warren; Mathieu, Jon; Teuscher, Simon (eds.). Kinship in Europe: Approaches to Long-Term Development (1300-1900). Berghahn Books.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Entry in Aeiou Encyclopedia