Aleksei Evert

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In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Ermolaevich and the family name is Evert.
Aleksei Ermolaevich Evert
Russo-Turkish War
Russo-Japanese War
World War I
AwardsSee below

Aleksei Ermolaevich Evert (

general of Orthodox German
descent.

Early life and career

Aleksei Ermolaevich Evert was born on March 4, 1857, in

Volinsky Life-Guards Regiment
.

He first saw military action in the

Nikolayev Academy of General Staff, after which he served at the Moscow Military District under the commander-in-chief of the military district, General Pontus Brevern-de la Gardie. In late 1882, Evert was made senior adjutant of the 3rd Infantry Division. In late March 1886, he was appointed to the Warsaw Military District and made senior adjutant of the headquarters of the military district in November. He later became commander of several minor Regiments before he was appointed staff officer of the Warsaw Military District again, this time for special assignments under the commander-in-chief Count Gurko. In late January 1893, he was appointed the chief of staff of the 10th Infantry Division. Then in late 1900, 1901, and late October 1903, he was made the chief of staff of the 11th, 14th and 5th Army Corps
, respectively.

Russo-Japanese War

In 1904, General Evert took part in the

Irkutsk Military District and ataman of the Transbaikal Cossack host.[2]

Upon being appointed commander of the Irkutsk Military District and the ataman of the Transbaikal Cossack host, Evert lived in the former house of a merchant (now the Actor's House). The military district headquarters and the director of the general on duty were housed in the Fainberg house (now a half-ruined building on Khalturin Street).

World War I

The

Smorgon and Dvinsk
, for this success, he was awarded the Order of St. George of the 3rd degree in early October.

In early March 1916, he commanded an offensive at

Belarus, together with General Aleksey Kuropatkin
. But due to a lack of scouting and artillery support, Russian artilleries were unable to capture the well-fortified German defense, causing the offensive to fail.

The French Slavic professor Jules Legras [fr], who arrived in the Russia in February 1916 on the instructions of the Military Propaganda Department at the second department of the General Staff of the French Ministry of Defense, in his memoirs, he negatively assessed the actions of Evert:[3]

Constant orders and counter-orders on the eve of the attack; continuous fluctuations about the grouping of military units, intervention in the course of the operation, for example, two days before the change, the unit that knew the site changed to another that had never seen it. Finally, after failures, offensive reproaches addressed the commander and the generals who obeyed (Evert). Having studied these documents, I felt great sorrow: General Evert's lack of talent manifested itself here in these pompous and empty phrases; his indecision, underlined by countless counter-orders; his misunderstanding of reality, dispersed in instructions, when every person who knew the trenches and material means that the Germans had at their disposal was aware of the impossibility of this operation

Brusilov Offensive

According to the directive of the Russian Supreme Command Headquarters in late April 1916, an offensive on the middle of the Western Front was entrusted to Evert. However, with the connivance of the Supreme commander-in-chief Tsar

offensive originally planned to target Vilnius, but it was changed to target Baranovichi
(now Baranavichy in Belarus). Despite months of planning, the offensive failed to break through the German defense.

General Aleksei Brusilov, commander-in-chief of the Southwestern Front and the planner of the Brusilov Offensive (which was named after him), gave the following assessment to General Evert:[4]

The attack on Baranovichi took place, but, as it was not difficult to foresee, the troops suffered huge losses with total failure, and this ended the fighting activities of the Western Front to facilitate my offensive.

The Western Front did not inflict the main blow.

All Russia rejoiced, the names of Evert and, in particular, Kuropatkin, were condemned, and Evert was also ranked as a traitor.

Similar estimates are available in some encyclopaedic sources.

Evert's lack of talent as a commander and his extreme indecision were particularly evident during the offensive in the summer of 1916 in the Vilnius direction and in the region of Baranovichi.

Since Aug. 1915 until March 1917 commanded the troops of the West. front, but in this post did not show a generalship talent and determination. This was especially evident in the summer of 1916, when Evert tore off the application of Ch. strike on the Vilensky direction during the summer offensive of 1916, and then failed the offensive in the region of Baranovichi.

In early 1917, General Evert proposed an attack towards Vilnius, but these plans were strongly opposed among other generals, especially General Vasily Gurko and Alexander Lukomsky. Under the new plan by Alekseyev, he assigned the task of inflicting a counterattack to the 10th Army.

February Revolution

On March 2, 1917, after the revolutionaries took over the government, Alekseyev sent Nicholas II a telegram, urging abdication, General Evert replied Alekseyev that he would give his conclusion after General Ruzsky and Brusilov answered. Learning their answers, he sent the tsar a telegram, in which referred to the fact that the army "in its present composition ... can not be counted," wrote that "finding no other outcome, unlimitedly devoted to your Majesty, the loyal subject begs Your Majesty, in the name of the salvation of the Motherland and the Dynasty, to make a decision ... as the only one apparently capable of ending the revolution and saving Russia from the horrors of anarchy. "

According to the memoirs of General

Ali-Agha Shikhlinsky, after the February Revolution, one of the members of the Duma, Nikolai Shchepkin, who was ordered by the new minister of war of the newly formed Russian Republic, Alexander Guchkov, to go to Minsk. After Shchepkin's arrival at Minsk, he suggested to high commands to get General Evert removed, so he did. After his removal, he was briefly replaced by General Vladimir Smirnov
, and then Gurko. In March, he was dismissed from service with pensions and a uniform.

Last years and death

There is considerable uncertainty about how and when Evert actually died with no clear consensus established from the historical record. One theory is that he was arrested by the

Bolsheviks
and after that he engaged in beekeeping and died peacefully at the age of 69. The most likely version is that he was killed by the guards on his way to Mozhaisk, and he was buried in a local cemetery there.

Personal life

General Evert married Nadezhda Poznanskaya and with whom had seven children: Ignatius, Boris, Vladimir, Sophia, Valentina, Vera, Vsevolod. Vsevolod died young in 1910, Ignatius was killed in 1938, Sophia and Valentina died in Moscow, the fates of the others are currently unknown. Poznanskaya preserved the circumstance of her husband's death in a private collection.

General Evert had a brother named Apollo Evert who was a lieutenant-general in the Imperial Russian Army.

Honours and awards

Domestic

  • Order of St. Anna
    , 4th class (1878)
  • Order of St. Stanislaus, 3rd class (1879)
  • Order of St. Anna, 3rd class (1885)
  • Order of St. Stanislaus, 2nd class (1888)
  • Order of St. Anna, 2nd class (1895)
  • Order of St. Vladimir
    , 4th class (1899)
  • Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class (1903)
  • Order of St. Stanislaus], 1st class with swords (VP 28.2.1906)
  • Gold Sword for Bravery
    (VP 18.6.1906)
  • Order of St. Anna, 1st class (1905)
  • Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class (6.12.1912)
  • Order of St. George, 4th class (VP 18.9.1914)
  • Order of St. Alexander Nevsky
    (VP 10.01.1915)
  • Order of the White Eagle (VP 10.01.1915)
  • Order of St. George, 3rd class (VP 08.10.1915)

Foreign

References

  1. ^ "Главная - Красота и Здоровье". Archived from the original on 2012-03-07. Retrieved 2010-06-02.
  2. ISBN 0-415-20439-9
    . Retrieved 2008-05-08.
  3. ^ Legras, J. (1921). Memoires de Russie. Paris. pp. 76–77.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ Brusilov, A. A. (1983). My memories. Moscow: Military Publishing. pp. 201, 215, 214.

External links

Wikisource has the text of a 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica article about "Aleksei Evert".
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