Aminolysis
In chemistry, aminolysis (/am·i·nol·y·sis/) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule is lysed (split into two parts) by reacting with ammonia (NH3) or an amine.[1] The case where the reaction involves ammonia may be more specifically referred to as ammonolysis.
Reactions
Alkyl group
An example of an aminolysis reaction is the replacement of a
(HX).Synthesis of peptides
Another common example is the reaction of a primary amine or secondary amine with a
The carboxylic acid derivatives can be esters, anhydrides, acid halides or any other activated species.
The choice of activated carboxyl group or coupling agent can be very important in peptide synthesis, as using the wrong one can lead to racemization.
Synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids
Making an amide is one of the processes which require ammonia as a reactant. There are other processes of preparing an amide such as from acid anhydrides and acyl chloride.[2]
Carboxylic acids react with ammonium carbonate, to convert the carboxylic acids to ammonium salts. For example, acetic acid reacts with ammonium carbonate to produce ammonium acetate.[3]
After the reaction is completed, ammonium acetate is heated under reflux (170 °C) to dehydrate the salt and eliminate excess acetic acid and water producing acetamide:[4]
Usage
PET degradation
PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) belongs to the polyester family, it can be used for many purposes such as plastic bottles and filter cloth as it is thermoplastic polymer.[5] PET can be degraded by using aminolysis which works similarly to solvolytic reaction and aminoglycolysis. For aminolysis, PET reacts with DETA (diethylenetriamine) or TETA (triethylenetetramine) which is polyamine. The reaction involves 200 - 210 Celsius. From this reaction, the products are symmetrical primary amides, asymmetrical primary/ secondary diamides, and symmetrical secondary diamides. The remaining waste material products can be used for hardening of epoxy resins. Similarly, in solvolytic reaction, the polyester reacts with water, acid, amine or alcohol, and in aminoglycolysis reaction, the polyester reacts with TEA (triethanolamine).[6][7]
This is PET degradation with polyamines through aminolysis route.
See also
References
- ^ "Aminolysis". The Free Dictionary. Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
- ^ "Making Amide". Chemguide. n.d. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
- ^ "Simple Reactions of Carboxylic Acids as Acids". Chemistry Libretexts. June 6, 2019. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
- ^ Coleman, G. H.; Alvarado, A. M. (30 April 2005). "ACETAMIDE". Organic synthesis. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ^ "Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET): A Comprehensive Review". Omnexus. n.d. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
- ISBN 9780323509671. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
- S2CID 94364571. Retrieved 29 June 2019.