Apache Cordova

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Apache Cordova
Original author(s)Joe Bowser, Michael Brooks, Rob Ellis, Dave Johnson, Anis Kadri, Brian Leroux, Jesse MacFadyen, Filip Maj, Eric Oesterle, Brock Whitten, Herman Wong, Shazron Abdullah
Initial release2009; 16 years ago (2009)
Stable release
12.0.0[1] Edit this on Wikidata / 22 May 2023; 22 months ago (22 May 2023)
Written in
Apache License 2.0[3][4]
Websitecordova.apache.org

Apache Cordova (formerly PhoneGap) is a mobile application development framework created by

CSS3, HTML5, and JavaScript, instead of relying on platform-specific APIs like those in Android, iOS, or Windows Phone.[6] It enables the wrapping up of CSS, HTML, and JavaScript code depending on the platform of the device. It extends the features of HTML
and JavaScript to work with the device. The resulting applications are hybrid, meaning that they are neither truly native mobile application nor purely Web-based. They are not native because all layout rendering is done via Web views instead of the platform's native UI framework. They are not Web apps because they are packaged as apps for distribution and have access to native device APIs. Mixing native and hybrid code snippets has been possible since version 1.9.

The software was previously called just "PhoneGap", then "Apache Callback".[7][8]

PhoneGap was Adobe's commercial version of Cordova along with its associated ecosystem. Many other tools and frameworks are also built on top of Cordova, including

Quasar Framework, Evothings Studio, NSB/AppStudio, Mobiscroll, and Telerik Platform.[10]
These tools use Cordova, and not PhoneGap for their core tools.

Contributors to the Apache Cordova project include

Adobe, BlackBerry, Google, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Mozilla, and others.[11]

History

PhoneGap was first developed by Nitobi Software at an iPhoneDevCamp event in San Francisco in August 2008.[12] Apple Inc. has confirmed that the framework has its approval, even with the change to clause 3.3.1 of the Apple iPhone SDK developer license agreement 4.0 adopted in 2010. The PhoneGap framework is used by several mobile application platforms such as Monaca, appMobi, Convertigo, ViziApps, and Worklight as the backbone of their mobile client development engine.[citation needed]

Adobe acquired Nitobi Software on October 3, 2011.[13] The PhoneGap code was subsequently contributed to the Apache Software Foundation to start a new project called Apache Cordova.[14] The project's original name, Apache Callback,[15] was viewed as too generic.[citation needed] It also appears in Adobe Systems as Adobe PhoneGap and also as Adobe PhoneGap Build.[citation needed]

Early versions of PhoneGap required an Apple computer to create iOS apps and a Windows computer to create Windows Mobile apps. After September 2012, Adobe's PhoneGap Build service allows programmers to upload CSS, HTML, and JavaScript source code to a "cloud compiler" that generates apps for every supported platform. This service was discontinued in 2020.[citation needed]

Design and rationale

The core of an Apache Cordova application uses

GPS. However, browsers' support for HTML5-based device access is not consistent across mobile browsers, particularly older versions of Android. To overcome these limitations, Apache Cordova embeds the HTML5 code inside a native WebView on the device, using a foreign function interface to access the native resources of it.[16]

Apache Cordova can be extended with native plug-ins, allowing developers to add more functionalities that can be called from JavaScript, making it communicate directly between the native layer and the HTML5 page. These plugins allow access to the device's accelerometer, camera, compass, file system, microphone, and more.

However, the use of Web-based technologies leads some Apache Cordova applications to run slower than native applications with similar functionality.[17]

Supported platforms

As of version 11, Apache Cordova currently supports development for the

Windows, Linux and macOS).[18] Earlier version of Apache Cordova used to support Bada, BlackBerry, Firefox OS,[19][20] LG webOS, Microsoft Windows Phone (7 and 8), macOS, Nokia Symbian OS, Tizen (SDK 2.x), and Ubuntu Touch.[21][22]

See also

References

  1. ^ https://cordova.apache.org/news/2023/05/22/cordova-cli-12.0.0.html. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ^ "Cordova support by platform - Apache Cordova". cordova.apache.org.
  3. ^ "PhoneGap License". Phonegap.com. Archived from the original on 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
  4. ^ "FAQ | PhoneGap Build | Edge Tools & Services | Adobe & HTML". Html.adobe.com. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
  5. ^ "Adobe Announces Agreement to Acquire Nitobi, Creator of PhoneGap". Adobe.com. 2011-10-03. Archived from the original on 2012-04-13. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
  6. ^ Jose Fermoso (April 5, 2009). "PhoneGap Seeks to Bridge the Gap Between Mobile App Platforms". GigaOM. Archived from the original on 2009-04-08. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
  7. ^ Community, Tiki. "Apache Callback - Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware :: Development". Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware :: Development. Archived from the original on 4 April 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  8. ^ "Apache Callback Proposal". Wiki.phonegap.com. 2013-08-15. Archived from the original on 2011-10-05. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
  9. ^ "The Last Word on Cordova and PhoneGap". The Official Ionic Blog. 6 March 2014.
  10. ^ "Apache Cordova". Apache Cordova.
  11. ^ "Cordova Contributor's Who's Who". apache.org. 2015-11-02. Archived from the original on 2015-07-16. Retrieved 2015-11-02.
  12. ISBN 978-1-118-23932-2
    .
  13. ^ Rao, Leena (2011-10-03). "Adobe Acquires Developer Of HTML5 Mobile App Framework PhoneGap Nitobi". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
  14. ^ Finley, Klint (2012-09-24). "Adobe Launches Hosted PhoneGap Build Service For Creating Cross-Platform Mobile Apps". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
  15. ISBN 978-0-13-404827-7
    .
  16. ^ "The Development of Mobile Applications using HTML5 and PhoneGap on Intel Architecture-Based Platforms". 2012-06-22. Retrieved 2013-02-17. However, HTML5 has some limitations. Most prominent is the lack of API to access device hardware and sensors such as accelerometer, compass, GPS, etc. While native applications can access device hardware, they lack the portability that Web apps provide. Thus, a solution is to code a hybrid application, which cumulatively uses the benefits of native and Web apps.
  17. ^ Sapan Diwakar (2012-06-21). "Titanium vs Phonegap vs Native application development". Retrieved 2013-02-17.
  18. ^ "Cordova support by platform - Apache Cordova". cordova.apache.org. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  19. ^ "Building Cordova apps for Firefox OS ✩ Mozilla Hacks – the Web developer blog". 20 February 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  20. ^ "Using PhoneGap and the Sony Ericsson WebSDK to develop Android apps". Android and Me. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
  21. ^ "Platform Support". Adobe PhoneGap. Archived from the original on 2013-10-26. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
  22. ^ "PhoneGap supported features". Phonegap.com. Archived from the original on 2011-06-22. Retrieved 2013-10-09.

Bibliography

The Wikibook Android has a page on the topic of: PhoneGap
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