Arado cattle
Dogu'a Tembien | |
| Country of origin | Ethiopia |
|---|---|
| Distribution | north Ethiopian highlands |
| Use | Draught, meat, milk (in that order) |
| Traits | |
| Weight |
|
| Coat | red, black, stained |
| Horn status | medium |
The red and black coated Arado cattle are small and hardy. They are the most common cattle variety in the north
draught power, particularly tillage. The breed feeds mainly on crop residues; it is adapted to seasonal feed shortages. This breed is often cross-bred through bull and artificial insemination services.[1][2]
Physical characteristics
The Arado cattle have red and black coats. Bulls and oxen have thick and short horns and a
cervicothoracic hump; cows have medium, thin horns. Oxen weigh 254 kg and cows 201 kg on average. The average height at withers of 120 and 115 cm.[1]
Origin of the cattle breed
Ethiopia has been at a crossroads for cattle immigration to Africa[3][4] due to
- proximity to the geographical entry of Indian and Arabian zebu
- proximity to Near-Eastern and European taurine
- introgression with West African taurine due to pastoralism
Furthermore, the diverse agro-ecology led to diverse farming systems which, in turn, made Ethiopia a centre of secondary diversification[3] for livestock :
- The Sanga cattle originated in Ethiopia. They are a major bovine group in Africa – a cross-breeding of local long-horned taurines and Arabian zebus[4]
- The Arado cattle are part of the Zenga (Zebu-Sanga) breeds, which resulted from a second introduction and crossing with Indian zebu[4]
Breeding and genetic resource management
Mating takes place on the grazing grounds, or the cow is brought to a bull in the neighbourhood.[1][3] Farmers try essentially to improve the Arado breed through
crossbreeding with other indigenous breeds. This favours selection for fitness, and the adaptation to broader farming system and environmental conditions.[1][3]
Stresses on the cattle breed
- socio-political: urbanisation, and civil wars
- cattle plague[5]
- environmental: destruction of ecosystems and droughts[6]
References
- ^ S2CID 199323600.
- .
- ^ PMID 22486496.
- ^ S2CID 30291909.
- ^ Pankhurst, R (1985). The history of famine and epidemics in Ethiopia prior to the twentieth century. Addis Ababa: Relief and Rehabilitation Commission.
- ^ Van Cappellen, H (2016). The ox-plow complex on the edge: an ethnographic inquiry into social change and cross-breed dairy farming in Tigray, Ethiopia [MSc Thesis]. KU Leuven, Belgium.