Arne Sunde

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Arne Toralf Sunde
Benegal Narsing Rau
Succeeded byYakov Malik
In office
1 June 1949 – 30 June 1949
Preceded byJean Chauvel
Succeeded byDmitry Manuilsky
Personal details
Born(1883-12-06)6 December 1883
United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway[1]
Died30 July 1972(1972-07-30) (aged 88)
Oslo, Norway[2]
Political partyLiberal
Spouse
Titti Sunde
​
(m. 1916)​
[3]
RelationsElias Sunde (father)
Major Bjørn Sunde (brother)[4]
ProfessionArmy officer
Olympic shooter
Bank chief
Nortraship leader

Arne Toralf Sunde (6 December 1883 – 30 July 1972) was a

President of the United Nations Security Council
in June 1949 and July 1950.

Before the Second World War

Personal life

Arne Sunde was born on 6 December 1883 in the Norwegian capital

Director General of the Norwegian State Railways, Member of Parliament and Minister of Finance Elias Sunde and his wife Benedicte Louise Tjersland. On 26 July 1916 Arne Sunde married Sigrid Nicoline Aubert Lie (called "Didi", or "Titti").[2][3] His wife was a daughter of writer Bernt Lie. Thus, Arne Sunde was a brother-in-law of Emil Lie. Sunde's wife was also a second cousin of Jonas Lie, a Nazi police chief who joined the pretending government after Sunde and many others fled Norway during the Second World War.[5] On the other hand, Sunde's wife's aunt was the mother of resistance member Tikken Manus.[6] The couple had three sons by 1930.[7] Sunde died in Oslo on 30 July 1972, aged 88.[2]

Sports

Sunde was an avid sports shooter in the Oslo-based rifle association Christiania Skytterlag.[8] He participated in the Norwegian team in the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. Sunde competed in the following events in 1912:[9][10]

1912 Summer Olympics
Event Rank
Men's Free Rifle, Three Positions, 300 metres 30
Men's Military Rifle, Three Positions, 300 metres 44
Men's Military Rifle, Any Position, 600 metres 30
Men's Military Rifle, 200, 400, 500 and 600 metres, Team 6
Men's Small-Bore Rifle, Any Position, 50 metres
 30

Education and early career

Sunde was educated in law and military studies,

Det Norske A/S for Elektrokemisk Industri, as a legal advisor and sousdirektør. In the same time period he was the secretary of the Norwegian State Financial Council (Norwegian: Statens finansråd), and from 1922 he served as a barrister at the Supreme Court. In 1920–1921 he was secretary during the Norwegian treaty negotiations with the so-called "wine countries" (France, Spain and Portugal) with regards to the Norwegian prohibition. In 1924 he was a board member of the bank Den Norske Handelsbank and a member of the administrative board of the Bank of Norway.[1] From 1918 to 1930, he commanded Company 7 of the 5th Østoplandenes Infantry Regiment, before being made supernumerary.[7]

Political career

One of Arne Sunde's earliest encounters with national politics came in 1926. At the appointment of

Haakon VII and ask him to request that Nansen form a government of national unity to replace Lykke's Cabinet.[15] In 1929 Sunde became deputy mayor of Aker, where he now lived. He advanced to mayor of the same municipality in 1930, and serving until 1931 with the exception of his Minister of Justice period.[1]

Sunde was appointed

Minister of Justice in the Liberal Party of Norway's Mowinckel's Second Cabinet in November 1930. He lost this position in May 1931,[16] when the Agrarian Kolstad's Cabinet took over.[13] In 1932–1933 Sunde presided for Norway in the Eastern Greenland Case at the Permanent Court of International Justice.[11] In March 1933, the Agrarian cabinet fell, and Sunde returned to government as Minister of Justice in the Mowinckel's Third Cabinet.[16] The cabinet lasted until March 1935, when it was replaced by the Nygaardsvold's Cabinet.[17]

He was a member of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights.[18]

Supreme Court Justice and banker

After his initial political career Sunde first served for one year as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Norway before taking up banking, holding the position of the head of the Oslo office of the bank Bergens Privatbank[12] until the German invasion came in 1940.[3][19]

Second World War

German Junkers Ju 52 transport aircraft downed at Dombås.

Norwegian Campaign

Arne Sunde, a major in the

Ministry of Defence, asking where he was to report for service. Sunde was told that the Norwegian mobilization would not start until 11 April, a full two days since the beginning of the German attack. Wishing to take part in the defence of Norway, Sunde set off on skis across Nordmarka north of Oslo on 12 April, seeking troops to join up with.[2]

Battle of Dombås

Main article: Battle of Dombås

The main fighting that Major Arne Sunde participated in during the Norwegian Campaign was the

Herbert Schmidt, asked for a negotiated surrender, but was rejected by Sunde. Major Sunde demanded an unconditional surrender within 10 minutes or else he would resume the artillery bombardment of the surrounded German positions. Nine and a half minutes later the around 150 remaining German Fallschirmjäger soldiers surrendered to the Norwegian forces led by Sunde.[20]

In exile

After Nygaardsvold's Cabinet requisitioned the Norwegian merchant navy Sunde was ordered to London together with

Norwegian Ministry of Provisioning. When that ministry was restructured on 1 November 1942 Arne Sunde continued as Minister of Shipping[11][12] until he left the cabinet on 25 June 1945, after the end of the Second World War and the return to Norway of the exiled Norwegian authorities.[11]

Conflicts

Sunde's time in exile was marked by difficulties, with almost constant conflicts with the leaders of Nortraship. While Sunde and most of the other politicians wanted increased political control over the shipping company, the leadership of Nortraship wanted greater freedom to make business decisions. One result of the conflicts was that the Minister of Shipping's authority was decreased by Royal Resolution on 3 September 1943.[11]

One of the earliest and most dramatic conflicts involving Sunde in London was when he, supported by fellow non-Labour Party ministers Anders Fjelstad and Sven Nielsen, on 6 August 1940 demanded that Minister of Foreign Affairs Halvdan Koht resign from his post. The conflict was based in personal animosities between Sunde and Koht, as well as the impression that Koht had been responsible for Norway's failed policy of neutrality before the German attack in April 1940. Sunde withdrew his demands when he realised that he did not have the support of Prime Minister Johan Nygaardsvold.[24] At the time of the altercation Sunde was one of the leading candidates to take over the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, but was instead given the Ministry of Provisioning after Trygve Lie left that position to become Minister of Foreign Affairs.[12]

Despite the many internal conflicts within the various parts of the Norwegian authorities during their time in exile Sunde defended the Cabinet Nygaardsvold during a 21 October 1942 meeting with four priests of the Norwegian Church Abroad who were accusing Nygaardsvold of excluding people not associated with the Labour Party from influential positions. Sunde stated that in his opinion the Cabinet had always made it a priority to attract competent individuals to its service, regardless of those individuals' political affiliations.[25]

Post-war

Dissolving Nortraship

Having left the government in 1945, Sunde's first task after the Second World War was to in 1946 head the last board of Nortraship, tasked with dissolving the company.[2][11]

From 1945 to 1948 Sunde again headed the Oslo office of Bergens Privatbank.[2]

UN ambassador

In 1949–1952 Arne Sunde was the Norwegian ambassador to the United Nations.

UN force in the Korean War.[28] During the negotiations leading up to the resolution Sunde clashed with US ambassador Warren R. Austin, Austin offending Sunde to such a degree that one observer believed that personal relations between the US and Norwegian delegations had been "irreconcilably damaged".[29] At the time the Secretary-General of the United Nations was the Norwegian Trygve Lie and Norway was a non-permanent member of the Security Council.[30] Sunde had also been the UN Security Council President in June 1949.[31] When he was interviewed on his 80th birthday in 1964 Sunde stated that he viewed his time on the Security Council as the absolute high point of his life.[2]

Quotations

...the stamina and courage of American boys who hardly dreamed 14 days ago that they were to be the first to fight for the ideals and principles of the United Nations . . . Let us hope that we shall not fall too far behind these men in our determination and in our dedication. (Security Council President Sunde about US soldiers fighting in the early phases of the Korean War).[27]

Malik is very rude. And he looks as if he believed in his rudeness. (Ambassador Sunde about fellow United Nations ambassador, Soviet Yakov Malik).[32]

Post-Korean War

In the period 1953–1958 Sunde chaired NATO's control commission on the expenses of jointly financed military installations.[2]

Honours

By 1935 Sunde had been awarded

Croix de guerre.[2]

A small junction of paths near the river

Lysakerelva
has been named Arne Sundes plass, "Arne Sunde's square".

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Hoffstad, Einar (1935). "Sunde, Arne (Toralf)". Merkantilt biografisk leksikon: hvem er hvem i næringslivet? (in Norwegian). Oslo: A.S Yrkesforlaget. p. 733.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Norby, Reginald. "Arne Sunde". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-3-486-55891-3.[permanent dead link
    ]
  4. ^ a b Øksendal 1974: 84
  5. Store norske leksikon
    (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  6. ^ Moland, Arnfinn. "Max Manus". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d Barth, Bjarne Keyser, ed. (1930). "Sunde, A. T.". Norges militære embedsmenn 1929 (in Norwegian). Oslo: A. M. Hanche. p. 575.
  8. ^ "Arne Sunde". Olympedia. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  9. ^ "Arne Sunde". Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2008.
  10. ^ "Arne Torolf SUNDE". issf-sports.org. International Shooting Sport Federation. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  11. ^
    Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45
    (in Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen. p. 404. Retrieved 15 November 2008.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Riste 1990: 118
  13. ^ a b "Johan Mowinckel's Second Government". Government of Norway. 3 December 2007. Retrieved 15 November 2008.
  14. ^ "Ivar Lykke (1872–1949)" (in Norwegian). Trondheim municipality. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
  15. ^ "Dokumentasjonswebside om Eystein Eggen, Gutten fra Gimle". Tidens Tegn (in Norwegian). Pluto.no. Archived from the original on 6 October 2008. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
  16. ^ a b "Arne Toralf Sunde". Norwegian Social Science Data Services (NSD) (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  17. ^ "Johan Mowinckel's Third Government". Government.no. 3 December 2007. Retrieved 15 November 2008.
  18. ^ "Upprop". Norsk Tidend. 5 May 1936.
  19. ^ a b "Haakon 7: Om Regjeringens og Kongens avreise fra Norge" (in Norwegian). Virksomme ord/University of Bergen. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
  20. ^ a b Hauge 1995: 261
  21. ^ Hauge 1995: 249
  22. ^ Øksendal 1974: 51, 126
  23. ^ a b Voksø 1995: 44
  24. ^ Voksø 1995: 62
  25. ^ Voksø 1995: 274
  26. ^ "Presidents of the Security Council : 1950–1959". United Nations. Archived from the original on 28 August 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
  27. ^ a b "Strength on Double Seven". Time. 17 July 1950. Archived from the original on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
  28. Portable Document Format). United Nations. 7 July 1950. pp. 5–6. Retrieved 16 November 2008.[permanent dead link
    ]
  29. ISBN 0-691-01624-0
    .
  30. ^ Enebakk, Magnar H. "Koreakrigen og det norske feltsykehuset" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Military Journal. Archived from the original on 27 January 2002. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
  31. ^ "Presidents of the Security Council : 1946–1949". United Nations. Retrieved 18 July 2009.
  32. ^ "Junior S.O.B." Time. 21 August 1950. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2008.

Bibliography

Political offices
Preceded by
Wilhelm Stenersen
 Mayor of Aker
November 1930 – May 1931 		Succeeded by
Erling Schiøtz
Preceded by
Norwegian Minister of Justice and the Police

November 1930 – May 1931 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Erling Schiøtz
 Mayor of Aker
May 1931 – December 1931 		Succeeded by
Erling Schiøtz
Preceded by
Norwegian Minister of Justice and the Police

1933–1935 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Norwegian Minister of Provisioning

1940–1942 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
position created
 Minister of Shipping
1942–1945 		Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
 Permanent Representative of Norway to the United Nations
1949–1952 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
President of the United Nations Security Council

June 1949 		Succeeded by
Dmitri Z. Manuilsky
Preceded by
Benegal Narsing Rau
President of the United Nations Security Council

July 1950 		Succeeded by
Yakov A. Malik
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