Dmitry Manuilsky

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Zakharovich and the family name is Manuilsky.

Dmitriy Manuilsky
Дмитро Мануїльський
11th
Central Committee
In office
2 April 1922 – 25 April 1923
Personal details
Born(1883-10-03)3 October 1883
RSDLP (Bolsheviks) (1904–1918)
Russian Communist Party (1918–1954)
Alma materUniversity of Paris
Awards(×3) Order of Lenin

Dmitriy Zakharovich Manuilsky or Dmytro Zakharovych Manuilsky (

Comintern
, the Communist International, from December 1926 to its dissolution in May 1943.

Early life and career

A young Manuilsky

Manuilsky was born to a peasant family of an

1905 revolution he was assigned by the Bolsheviks to the naval base in Kronstadt where he took part in the naval revolt in July. Arrested, he was held in Kronstadt prison in 1905–06, then exiled, but escaped, arriving in Kiev and then, in 1907, to Paris. There he aligned with the ultra-left group led by Alexander Bogdanov, who challenged Lenin for the leadership of the Bolsheviks, and worked on the newspaper Vpered (Forward). After the outbreak of war in 1914, he worked on the newspaper Nashe Slovo and acted as the main contact between the Bolsheviks and the smaller group associated with Leon Trotsky
. After his return to Russia in May 1917, he joined Trotsky's group, the Mezhraiontsy, who amalgamated with the Bolsheviks in August 1917.

In the Soviet Union

Members of Comintern Political Secretary Board, 1935. From left to right, sitting: G. Dimitrov, P. Togliatti, W. Florin; standing: O. Kuusinen, D. Manuilsky, K. Gottwald and W. Pieck

During the Russian Civil War, Manuilsky worked in the People's Commissariat for Food, before being sent to Ukraine, where Lenin assigned him the task of organising the peasant population around Kharkiv to defeat the White Army of Anton Denikin. In January 1919, he and Inessa Armand were sent to Paris, in the hope they could stoke a revolution in France, but he was arrested and deported. He was People's Commissar for Food in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1920 to 1921, then switched to journalism, and from 1922 was working for the Comintern.

From 1923 to 1952 he was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, as well as a member of the elite inner circle known as the "malaia comisiia", a five-member group that ruled the eleven-member Political Secretariat.[2] In 1926, he supplanted Nikolai Bukharin as leader of the Soviet Union delegation on Comintern's executive, and the lead representative at congresses of the French, German, and Czechoslovak communist parties.[3]

From 1935 until the dissolution of Comintern in 1943, he acted as deputy to its General Secretary, Georgi Dimitrov. Between 1944 and 1952, he held the largely meaningless post of Foreign Minister of Ukraine. From 1952 to 1953, he was Ukrainian ambassador to the United Nations.

Later life and career

During the

Old Bolshevik with a past link with Trotsky was killed or imprisoned, except Manuilsky, whom Stalin despised but by whom he did not feel in any way threatened. In 1939, he told Dimitrov: "Manuilsky is a toady! He was a Trotskyite! We criticised him for keeping quiet and not speaking out when the purges of Trotskyite bandits were going on, and now he has started toadying!"[4] The Montenegrin communist Milovan Djilas, who met Manuilsky in 1944, admired his learning and writing talent, but remembered him as "a slight and already hunched veteran, dark-haired, with a clipped moustache [who] spoke with a lisp, almost gently and – what astonished me at the time – without much energy." Seeing him again five years later, Djilas thought him an "almost senile, little old man who was rapidly disappearing as he slid down the steep ladder of the Soviet hierarchy."[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ Manuilsky's biography from a 1920s edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopaedia is in translation in Haupt, Georges, and Marie, Jean-Jacques (1974). Makers of the Russian Revolution. London: George Allen & Unwin.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ISBN 978-9810021399. Retrieved 20 December 2017.[permanent dead link
    ]
  3. ISBN 978-0801408090
    . Retrieved 21 December 2017.
  4. ISBN 0-300-09794-8
    .
  5. ^ Djilas, Milovan (1969). Conversations with Stalin. London: Penguin. pp. 28, 29.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dmitry Manuilsky.
  • Lenin, V. I. (22 February 1920). "Telegram to D. Z. Manuilsky". Marxists.org. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  • Walter Lacquer
    , Russia and Germany; A Century of Conflict, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1965.
Political offices
Preceded by
Faris al-Khoury
President of the United Nations Security Council

July 1949
July 1948 		Succeeded by
Semyon Tsarapkin
Yakov Malik
Preceded by Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR
1944–1952 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
?
 People's Commissar of Land Cultivation (Ukraine)
1920–1921 		Succeeded by
?
Preceded by
?
 All-Ukrainian Revolutionary Committee
1919–1920 		Succeeded by
?
Party political offices
Preceded by
Feliks Kon (acting)
 1st Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine
1921–1923 		Succeeded by
Emanuil Kviring
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