Arthur Irwin
Arthur Irwin | ||
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Runs batted in | 396 | |
Teams | ||
As player
As manager
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Member of the Canadian | ||
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Induction | 1989 |
Arthur Albert Irwin (February 14, 1858 – July 16, 1921), nicknamed "Doc", "Sandy", "Cutrate" or "Foxy",
Irwin occupied numerous baseball roles in the latter years of his career, having spent time as a college baseball coach, a major league scout and business manager, a minor league owner and manager, and a National League umpire. For most of Irwin's career, the collegiate and professional baseball schedules allowed him to hold positions at both levels in the same year.
Irwin also produced several innovations which impacted sports. He took the field with the first baseball fielder's glove, invented a type of football scoreboard, promoted motor-paced cycling tracks and ran a short-lived professional
Irwin became terminally ill with cancer in the last weeks of his life. Shortly after his death from an apparent suicide, Irwin made headlines when it was discovered that two wives and families survived him in separate cities. He had been married to one woman since the 1880s and to the other since the 1890s. He was posthumously elected to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989.
Early life
Arthur Irwin was born in 1858 in Toronto, Canada West, to an Irish blacksmith and a Canadian mother. As a child, he moved with his family to Boston and attended school there. He played local amateur baseball from 1873 until he was recruited by the Worcester team of the National Association in 1879.[3]
In late 1879, manager Frank Bancroft took Irwin and most of the other Worcester players on a baseball tour which included visits to New Orleans and Cuba. The team, which traveled under the name of the Hop Bitters (the usual nickname of a different National Association team), returned to the United States after only a few days due to financial and contractual difficulties. The team may have played as few as two games in Cuba.[4]
Baseball career
Playing days
Irwin's major league career began when the Ruby Legs moved into the National League (NL) in 1880. He led the league in assists in his rookie season,[5] and remained with the team through 1882, when it folded due to poor attendance. Irwin next spent three seasons with the Providence Grays, and was captain and starting shortstop of the 1884 Providence team that became world champions. The 1884 Grays featured star pitchers Charles Radbourn and Charlie Sweeney; the two hurlers did not get along well, and Sweeney left the team in the middle of the season. The club folded after a fourth-place finish in 1885.[6]
Irwin moved on to the recently formed
During the 1889 season, Irwin went to the Washington Nationals for his first opportunity as player-manager, although the team folded at the end of the season. He next played for the Boston Reds in the Players' League in 1890. That same year, Irwin coached the baseball team at Dartmouth College.[9] While Irwin served as a player-manager for Boston in 1890, he was able to focus on the managerial role for the team in 1891. That year the team signed his brother, John Irwin, on May 21.[10] Newspapers brought accusations of nepotism and criticized John's mediocre play.[11] John Irwin was released by Boston on July 16, and his major league playing career was over by the next month.[10]
Although Irwin's regular playing career ended after the 1890 season, he appeared in six games while managing the Boston team after it moved to the
Early non-playing roles
Irwin coached at the University of Pennsylvania between 1893 and 1895, and managed the Philadelphia major league club during those last two seasons.
In 1894, he angered Penn supporters when a talented first baseman named Goeckle nearly signed with Irwin's major league team just prior to a series of collegiate championship games.[12] Nonetheless, by 1895, Irwin's coaching role at Penn included the selection of players and other duties that traditionally fell to the team captain.[13] Irwin left Philadelphia in 1896 to manage the New York Giants.[14] Relieved of his duties after one season in New York, he was subsequently recruited to manage in Milwaukee.[15] However, he returned to coach the minor league team in his native Toronto instead.
Irwin coached Toronto during 1897 and 1898. He faced arrest on a
By 1906, Irwin was manager of the Altoona Mountaineers in the Tri-State League. In July 1907, Irwin resigned as manager of the Mountaineers after fans became disgruntled.[21] Even after entering baseball scouting, Irwin briefly managed the 1908 Washington club in the short-lived Union Professional League. The league was plagued by financial problems—including the inability to pay players at times—and it folded less than two months after play began.[22] He was rehired to the Penn coaching staff in 1908.[23]
Scouting
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Arthur_Irwin_with_Mr._and_Mrs._Frank_Chance.jpg/220px-Arthur_Irwin_with_Mr._and_Mrs._Frank_Chance.jpg)
In the summer of 1907, Irwin became a scout for the
In December 1912, New York president Frank J. Farrell promoted Irwin from scout to business manager. Upon his promotion, a statement from the team said, "He has been of such service to the club in numerous ways that Mr. Farrell has invested him with full power to look after business details in future."[26] The poor relationship between Irwin and New York manager Frank Chance was a factor in the manager's 1914 resignation after two years of a three-year contract. The New York Times said that Chance "did not think it was possible to collect so many mediocre players on one major league club."[27] Irwin remained with the Highlanders until Farrell sold the team to Jacob Ruppert and T.L. Huston. Upon the sale of the team, Irwin and several other Highlanders personnel submitted their resignations.[28]
Later coaching career
Irwin became part-owner of the Lewiston Cupids in 1915 and managed that club in the final season of the original New England League. The 1915 Cupids featured 16-year-old Cuban pitcher Oscar Tuero, who won 17 games in his third professional season.[29][30] The team did not win the pennant that year, but the race came down to the final days of the season.[31] Irwin and Christy Mathewson were considered for a coaching position at Harvard College that year, but former Highlanders catcher and professional scout Fred Mitchell was ultimately selected.[32][33] In 1916, Irwin publicly accused Philadelphia's Connie Mack of underhanded dealings in obtaining third baseman Jim Ritter from Baltimore. He said that Mack convinced the New England League's Baltimore club to draft Ritter so that Mack could later obtain him cheaply. Mack was outraged at the accusations and immediately severed all connections with the player.[34] Ritter never appeared in a major league game.[35]
Irwin managed the
Sports innovations
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Irwinglove.jpg/220px-Irwinglove.jpg)
While playing with Providence in 1883, Irwin broke the third and fourth fingers of his left hand. Not wanting to miss any games, he obtained an oversized buckskin driving glove, padded it and sewed the third and fourth fingers together to allow space for bandages. He used the glove even after his fingers healed. John Montgomery Ward of New York soon took the field with a similar glove. By the following season, almost every professional player was using the "Irwin glove."[39] Prior to 1884, use of gloves was limited to first basemen and catchers. In 1882, Irwin committed a league-high 78 errors in 84 games. He committed 66 errors in 98 games the following year. Over his next two seasons with the glove, Irwin committed 98 errors in 163 games.[40]
Irwin organized and was president of the American League of Professional Football (ALPF) for its lone season in 1894.[41] The organization represented the first American professional soccer league. Teams in the league were named after their MLB counterparts in the same cities. Some of the active baseball managers served as coaches for the soccer teams, and fans were sometimes enticed by the rumor of MLB players who might participate in the league.[42] Irwin was also involved in an attempt to popularize roller polo.[3]
Irwin developed and patented a football scoreboard, which was in use in the Ivy League by the 1890s.[43][44] The large scoreboard featured a miniature representation of a football field, and the ball moved along the board to report each play.[45] By 1915, Irwin's scoreboards were featured at each end of the field for the Army-Navy game at the Polo Grounds.[46]
Other influence
Irwin owned athletic facilities in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and negotiated with baseball officials about bringing organized baseball there in 1900.[47] Irwin opened a motor-paced bicycle racing track in the city in July 1902.[48] His focus on the bicycle track enterprise had been a factor in his resignation from the Penn coaching staff in 1902.[18] He also became involved with the Hartford Avenue Colosseum Company and oversaw its Philadelphia bicycle track.[49]
Death
On June 21, 1921, Irwin gave up his managerial role with the Hartford club in the Eastern League due to health concerns. He was experiencing abdominal trouble and severe nervous attacks.[50] Irwin was diagnosed with stomach cancer; he had lost 60 pounds in two weeks.[3] While in the hospital, he was told that he only had a few days to live. While traveling from New York City to Boston on the vessel Calvin Austin, Irwin was lost overboard in an apparent suicide on July 16. Shortly after his death, a theory emerged that Irwin had been robbed for $5,000 and then murdered aboard the ship. This theory was discounted when it was learned from family members that Irwin had taken only $35 on the trip.[51] When Irwin was last seen aboard the ship around midnight on July 16, he told a friend that he was "coming home to his brother John's to die."[52]
During the investigation into Irwin's disappearance and death, two widows emerged; one lived in Boston and the other lived in New York. He first married Elizabeth, the woman in Boston, in 1883.[3] Together they had three children, including a son who was 37 at the time of Irwin's death, and nine grandchildren. In the 1890s he married again, this time in Philadelphia to May, a woman he met while coaching baseball at the University of Pennsylvania. They settled in New York and had a son who was 24 when Irwin died.[3][51]
In his final days, Irwin sold his rights from his scoreboard business for $2000. Though he sent $1500 to May and only $500 to Elizabeth, his Boston widow was surprised at the gesture since Irwin rarely visited Boston and provided almost no financial support to their family.[3] In fact, May said that he had not been away from New York for more than a few days at a time in 27 years. She said that his only long trips were baseball-related, when he would scout players in other cities. Before he left New York for the final time, he told May that he was going to say goodbye to friends in Boston and that he would return to New York.[51] Though neither woman knew of the other, Irwin's New York son Harold learned about an unknown brother while he was visiting his father in the hospital just before Irwin's death.[53]
In 1989, Irwin was posthumously inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame.[2]
See also
- List of Major League Baseball player–managers
- List of Major League Baseball umpires
References
- ^ "Arthur Irwin Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved February 2, 2013.
- ^ a b "1989, Inductees: Arthur Irwin". Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ Torontoist. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ^ McKenna, Brian. "SABR Baseball Biography Project: Doc Bushong". Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
- ^ a b "Arthur Irwin Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
- ^ Thoma, Edward (September 4, 2006). "Riding the Hoss". The Mankato Free Press. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ "Preliminary Practice of the Base Ball Clubs". Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. April 5, 1886. p. 2.
- ^ "Pitcher Ferguson Dead". The Philadelphia Record. April 30, 1888. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ "Dartmouth College" (PDF). The New York Times. February 16, 1890. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ a b "Retrosheet: John Irwin". Retrosheet. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ "Nepotism in Boston". Baltimore American. May 31, 1891. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ "Phillies After Goeckle". The Philadelphia Record. May 3, 1894. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
- ^ "Penn Baseball in the 19th Century: From Student Origins to University Administration". University of Pennsylvania University Archive. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ "Irwin to Manage New-Yorks" (PDF). The New York Times. October 30, 1895. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ "To Engage Irwin". The Milwaukee Journal. August 28, 1896. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ "Threatened With a Slander Suit". The Mail and Empire. May 4, 1898. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ "Retrosheet: Arthur Irwin". Retrosheet. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
- ^ a b "Will Have Graduate Coach". Boston Evening Transcript. June 9, 1902. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ "Retrosheet: Arthur Irwin". Retrosheet. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ISBN 9780815627036.
- ^ "Baseball Notes". The Pittsburg Press. July 8, 1907. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ Wagner, William (March 26, 1989). "D.C. Had Baseball Times Two; One Spring, 2 Leagues Played With Senators". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2013 – via HighBeam Research.
- ^ "Arthur Irwin to Coach Penn's Baseball Team". The Pittsburgh Press. January 29, 1908. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ a b "Digging Up Stars for Teams In Major Leagues No Snap". The Pittsburgh Gazette Times. June 2, 1912. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ "Sign Stealing An Ancient Art in Majors". St. Petersburg Times. July 19, 1959. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ "Arthur Irwin Promoted" (PDF). The New York Times. December 6, 1912. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ "Chance Quits as Yankees' Manager" (PDF). The New York Times. September 13, 1914. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ "American League News" (PDF). Sporting Life. February 6, 1915. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
- ^ "1915 Lewiston Cupids Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
- ^ "Oscar Tuero Minor League Statistics & History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
- ^ Thomas, Norman (June 5, 1943). "Baseball Veterans Remember the Cupids". Lewiston Evening Journal. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
- ^ "Harvard Wants Pro. Coach". Evening Tribune. October 2, 1915. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ "Harvard Baseball Coach" (PDF). The New York Times. December 1, 1915. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ "Irwin Cause of Ritter's Release". The Day. February 29, 1916. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
- ^ "James Ritter". Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
- ^ Remington, Cray (May 22, 1923). "We Have With Us Today a Fine Thing to Do on Mr. Shaughnessy Also Ernest J. Lanigan". Rochester Evening Journal. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
- ^ Taggart, Edward (March 24, 1942). "A Visit to Zip Sloan". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ Chellgren, Norton. "The Short Career of Lou Lewis". SABR Research Journals Archive. Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
- ^ "Arthur Irwin Invented Glove". Trenton True American. June 16, 1909. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ "Fielding Statistics and History: Arthur Irwin". Retrosheet. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
- ^ "Comment About Athletic Sport". Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. October 27, 1894. p. 6.
- ^ Holroyd, Steve. "The First Professional Soccer League in the United States: The American League of Professional Football (1894)". USA Soccer History Archives. Archived from the original on November 5, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2013.
- ^ "Outgeneraled Capt. Waters" (PDF). The New York Times. November 27, 1893. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ "Pennsylvania, 12; Tigers, 0" (PDF). The New York Times. November 11, 1894. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ "Kicks". The Daily Mail and Empire. October 18, 1895. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ "Arrangements for Army-Navy Game" (PDF). The New York Times. November 25, 1915. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ "A Few Minutes With the News: Baseball". Baltimore American. March 31, 1900. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
- ^ "News of the Cyclers". Mansfield Daily Shield. July 1, 1902. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ "Plans to Build Another Bowl". Baltimore American. April 25, 1902. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
- ^ "Arthur Irwin Lost on Ship to Boston" (PDF). The New York Times. July 17, 1921. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Arthur Irwin, Famous Old Baseball Star, Leaves Two Widows and Two Families". The Pittsburgh Press. July 21, 1921. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ "Arthur Irwin, Noted Old Baseball Star, Vanishes From Ship". The Pittsburgh Press. July 16, 1921. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ "Irwin's Double Life Bared by Suicide" (PDF). The New York Times. July 21, 1921. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
External links
- Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference