Music of Azerbaijan
Music of Azerbaijan | ||||||
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Nationalistic and patriotic songs | ||||||
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Azerbaijani music (
Classical music
In 1920, Azerbaijani classical music had undergone a renaissance and
Opera and Ballet
The emergence of opera and ballet in Azerbaijan is associated with the
Prominent Azerbaijani opera singers such as Bulbul, Shovkat Mammadova, Fatma Mukhtarova, Huseyngulu Sarabski, Hagigat Rzayeva, Rashid Behbudov, Rauf Atakishiyev, Muslim Magomayev, Lutfiyar Imanov, Fidan and Khuraman Gasimovas, Rubaba Muradova, Zeynab Khanlarova and many other singers gained world fame.[2]
Folk music
Most songs recount stories of real-life events and Azerbaijani folklore, or have developed through song contests between troubadour poets.[3] Corresponding to their origins, folk songs are usually played at weddings, funerals, and special festivals.
Folk instruments
Instruments used in Azerbaijani music include the stringed instruments (frame drum).
Due to the cultural crossbreeding prevalent during the Ottoman Empire, the tutek has influenced various cultures in the Caucasus region, e.g. the duduks. The zurna and naghara duo is also popular in rural areas, and played at weddings and other local celebrations.[4]
Ashiqs
Since 2009 the art of Azerbaijani Ashiqs has been inscribed on the
Meykhana
Meykhana is a distinctive
Meykhana is often compared to hip hop music, also known as national rap among Azerbaijani residents, as it also includes performers that is spoken lyrically, in rhyme and verse, generally to an instrumental or synthesized beat.[7] Performers also incorporate synthesizers, drum machines, and live bands. Meykhana masters may write, memorize, or improvise their lyrics and perform their works a cappella or to a beat.[8]
Mugham
Mugham is one of the many folk musical compositions from
It is an art form that weds classical poetry and musical improvisation in specific local modes. Mugham is a modal system.[11] Unlike Western modes, "mugham" modes are associated not only with scales but with an orally transmitted collection of melodies and melodic fragments that performers use in the course of improvisation.[12] Mugham is a compound composition of many parts. The choice of a particular mugham and a style of performance fits a specific event.[12] The dramatic unfolding in performance is typically associated with increasing intensity and rising pitches, and a form of poetic-musical communication between performers and initiated listeners.[12]
Three major schools of mugham performance existed from the late 19th and early 20th centuries - the region of Garabagh, Shirvan, and Baku. The town of Shusha of Karabakh was particularly renowned for this art.
The short selection of Azerbaijani mugham played in balaban, national wind instrument was included on the Voyager Golden Record, attached to the Voyager spacecraft as representing world music, included among many cultural achievements of humanity.[13][14][15]
In 2003, UNESCO proclaimed mugham as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.[16]
Popular music
Popular music is distinguished from the traditional genres as those styles that entered the Azerbaijani musicality after the fall of the Soviet Union, either due to attempts of national modernization from 1918 onwards, the opening of the republic to Western musical influences or modern fusions and innovations from artists themselves.[17]
Mainstream pop
Azerbaijani pop music had its humble beginnings in the late 1950s with Azerbaijani cover versions of a wide range of imported popular styles, including rock and roll, tango, and jazz. As more styles emerged, they were also adopted, such as hip hop, heavy metal, and reggae.
Azerbaijani pop music reached new level after the country made its debut appearance at the 2008
The biggest pop stars in Azerbaijan are arguably
Azerbaijani jazz
The Azerbaijani jazz is a popular variety of
Azerbaijani hip hop
The first Azerbaijani hip-hop song "Yesterday is Past", created in 1983 by Chingiz Mustafayev, who would later become Azerbaijan's national hero for unrelated reasons.[24] The pioneer of Azerbaijani rap often associated with name of Anar Nagilbaz in 1992, which also included elements of disco but the popularity of the rap genre came with the rise of Dayirman, which included primarily patriotic elements.[25]
Azerbaijani rock
The Azerbaijani rock scene began in the mid-to-late 1960s when popular
Electronic dance music
There are many clubs across Azerbaijan, especially across its Baku region.
See also
- List of Azerbaijani musicians
- Azerbaijani hip hop
- Azerbaijani rock
- Innaby
- Şən Azərbaycan
- Mugham triads
References
- ^ a b Энциклопедический музыкальный словарь, 2-е изд., Москва, 1966 (Encyclopedical Music Dictionary (1966-1967), 2nd ed., Moscow)
- ^ "Звезды азербайджанской оперы". Всероссийский Азербайджанский Конгресс. Archived from the original on 2014-09-03.
- ISBN 978-1-85828-636-5
- ^ Азербайджанская свадьба. furorika.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
- ISBN 9788126114191.
- ^ Мейхана - это не «хулиганский жанр», а часть азербайджанского фольклора - режиссер Абдуль Махмудов Archived 2013-10-14 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ Aghayev, Shamil. "МЕЙХАНА - ОНА И В ИЗРАИЛЕ МЕЙХАНА". gorskie.ru. Archived from the original on 30 August 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
- ^ Kajar, Chingiz (2007). Старый Баку.
- ^ Intangible Cultural Heritage - The Azerbaijani Mugham
- The New Grove's entry on Azerbaijan.
- ^ "Weaving chords of beauty in Baku". www.euronews.com. Euronews. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
- ^ a b c Hunt, Ken. "Alim Qasimov and the domino principle". kenhunt.doruzka.com. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
- ^ Azerbaijani Music Selected for Voyager Spacecraft
- ^ Azerbaijani mugham sent out to outer space 32 years ago
- ^ "Voyager - Spacecraft - Golden Record - Sounds of Earth". NASA. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
- ^ UNESCO: The Azerbaijani Mugham
- ^ "Musiqi tarixi". www.azerbaijans.com (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 26 June 2014.
- ^ Augstein, Frank. "Azerbaijan duo upset favorites Ireland for first-time win at 2011 Eurovision Song Contest". Daily Journal. Associated Press. Retrieved May 14, 2011.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Azerbaijan wins the Eurovision Song Contest". BBC. May 14, 2011. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
- ^ Lusher, Adam (May 15, 2011). "Azerbaijan wins Eurovision Song Contest". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
- ^ Эстрадная музыка. azerbaijans.com (in Russian). Retrieved 26 June 2014.
- ^ "Music". Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
- ^ William Minor. Unzipped souls: a jazz journey through the Soviet Union, Temple University Press, 1995, p. 83-84
- ^ Documenting the Horrors of Karabakh
- ^ "Rep musiqisi". Azerbaijanis.com (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 29 December 2011.
- ^ "History of Azerbaijani Rock". azerbaijans.com. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
- ^ a b Битва "электроников". echo.az (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
External links
- A collection of rare recordings of traditional Azeri music from the early 20th century. Created July 7, 2012
- BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): Ashig troubadours, Mugham and the Kamancha. Accessed November 25, 2010.
- BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): The Saz and Mugham singer Alin Qasimov. Accessed November 25, 2010.
- Azeri Music