BESSY
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The Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung
Owing to the radiometry lab of the PTB [1], BESSY is the European calibration standard for electromagnetic radiation.[1]
BESSY supplies synchrotron light and provides support for science and industry. There are institutional long-time users, like the
BESSY I
This original synchrotron facility, costing the equivalent of 66.5 million
After its decommissioning in 1999, the component parts of the BESSY I machine were donated to the SESAME project by the German Authorities and have consequently been shipped to Jordan.[2]
Famous achievements of BESSY I were the
BESSY II
Groundbreaking for the new improved BESSY II synchrotron source in Adlershof took place on 4 July 1994, and the facility was inaugurated on 4 September 1998. The project cost was an equivalent of approximately 100 million Euros. The successor of BESSY I has a circumference of 240 m, providing 46
Electrons can be accelerated to an energy of up to 1.7
BESSY II can be run in different modes, according to the time-distance between the electron wave packets that circulate in the storage ring:
- multi bunch: This is the most common mode. Around 350 equal packets are in the ring, with a time-distance of 2 ns
- single bunch: This mode is in effect for two weeks each half-year. Only one single electron packet is in the ring, thus enabling the users to measure with the highest possible time resolution. Two light pulses arrive with a gap of 800 ns and can therefore be easily separated.
- low alpha: This mode exists in single and multi bunch sub-modes. The spatial resolution of the electron packet is higher (it is compressed), which leads to a higher rate of Terahertz radiation and shorter light pulses.
Experiments at BESSY II are in the fields of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Photoemission spectroscopy, Photoemission electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, femtosecond slicing, X-ray lithography, and protein structure analysis.
BESSY maintains a close co-operation with other synchrotron sources in the world, most notably with DESY in Hamburg.
Operation of BESSY II was interrupted on 15 June 2023 because of cyberattack. Emission of light was restored at the beginning of July, but only for Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt.[3][4][5][6][7][8]
Other facilities
- In September 2008, the Metrology Light Source (MLS) [9] was inaugurated. This facility in close proximity to BESSY II is run by PTB and provides synchrotron radiation in the energy range of far infrared and Terahertz radiation. The two facilities complement one another.
- In 2000, the construction of a free electron laser in Hamburg is now to be built.
References
- ^ "BESSY webpage: About BESSY - an ultimate space and time microscope". Archived from the original on 2010-12-30. Retrieved 2010-11-04.
- ^ Transportation of BESSY I Component Parts
- ^ Cyberattack
- ^ Update on the cyber-attack at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
- ^ Cyber attack on the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- ^ BESSY II back in operation after cyber attack on Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB)
- ^ BESSY User Meeting in Adlershof
- ^ Cyber-News: Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Barracuda-Schwachstelle, VMware-Schwachstelle etc.
- ^ "Metrology Light Source". 16 June 2021.
- ^ "Bestnoten für das BESSY FEL Projekt". Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-28.