Battle of Ivankovac
Battle of Ivankovac | |||||||
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Part of the First Serbian uprising | |||||||
Map of the battlefield | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Ottoman Empire | |||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Hafiz Mustafa Pasha † | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
initially 2,500 men, later reinforced with 5,000 more[1] | 20,000 men[1] |
The Battle of Ivankovac (Serbian: Бој на Иванковцу/Boj na Ivankovcu) was the first full-scale confrontation between Serbian revolutionaries and the regular forces of the Ottoman Empire during the First Serbian Uprising.
In the Summer of 1805, Hafiz the Ottoman pasha of Niš, gathered an army to crush the Serbian rebels led by Milenko Stojković near the village of Ivankovac. The battle ended with a Serbian victory and the death of the pasha, prompting Ottoman Sultan Selim III to declare jihad (holy war) against the Serbs.
Background
In the 1790s, the Ottoman Sultan
Battle
During the Summer the Ottoman force arriving from Niš and led by Hafiz Pasha was ambushed by a much smaller Serbian force commanded by Milenko Stojković at the village of Ivankovac near Ćuprija.[6] On 18 August [O.S. 7 August] 1805. Stojković designet fortifications consisting of three earth and palisade fortress es and two redoubts. Serbian leader Karađorđe arrived with guns and reinforcements defeating and driving the Turks back to Niš, where Hafiz Pasha, seriously wounded during the battle, died as a result.[7][8]
Aftermath
The battle was a major victory for the Serbian rebels.[9] It marked the first time that a regular Ottoman Turkish unit was defeated by Serbian revolutionaries during the First Serbian Uprising.[4] The victory meant that the Serbian forces had taken full control of the Belgrade Pashaluk. Smederevo was captured in November and became the first capital of the Serbian revolutionary government, while Belgrade was taken the following year.[3] Defeat in the battle prompted Selim to declare jihad (holy war) against the Serbian revolutionaries fighting to expel the Turks from Serbia.[10][11]
Gallery
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Monument in Ivankovac.
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Remains of sconces of the battle of Ivankovac.
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Remains of redoubt of the battle of Ivankovac
See also
Notes
- ^ a b "The Serbian insurgents in Ivankovac" (in Serbian). Politika. 17 Aug 2018.
- ^ Cox 2002, pp. 39–40.
- ^ a b Jelavich & Jelavich 2000, p. 32.
- ^ a b Radosavljević 2010, p. 175.
- ^ Axelrod 2003, p. 290.
- ^ Columbus 1999, p. 127.
- ^ Morrison 1942, p. xix.
- ^ Judah 2000, p. 51.
- ^ Cox 2002, p. 40.
- ^ Merry 2005, p. 122.
- ^ Judah 2000, p. 52.
References
- Axelrod, Alan (2003). Profiles in Leadership. ISBN 978-0-73520-256-6.
- Columbus, Frank H. (1999). Kosovo–Serbia: A Just War?. ISBN 978-1-56072-724-8.
- Cox, John K. (2002). The History of Serbia. ISBN 978-0-313-31290-8.
- Jelavich, Charles; Jelavich, Barbara (2000). The Establishment of the Balkan National States, 1804–1920. Vol. 8 (4 ed.). ISBN 0-295-96413-8.
- ISBN 978-0-300-08507-5.
- Merry, Robert W. (2005). Sands of Empire: Missionary Zeal, American Foreign Policy, and the Hazards of Global Ambition. ISBN 0-7432-7438-5.
- Morrison, Walter Angus (1942). The Revolt of the Serbs Against the Turks: 1804–1813. ISBN 978-1-107-67606-0.
- ISBN 9783643106117.