Battle of Kanzan

Coordinates: 25°34′N 49°42′E / 25.567°N 49.700°E / 25.567; 49.700
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Battle of Kanzan
Part of the Unification of Saudi Arabia and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
DateJune 1915 (the siege then continued for about six months)
Location
Jabal Kanzan, Al Ahsa, Arabia
25°34′N 49°42′E / 25.567°N 49.700°E / 25.567; 49.700
Result

Ajman tribe victory

  • Death of
    Saad bin Abdul Rahman
Belligerents
Ajman tribe
 Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
Commanders and leaders
Dhaydan bin Hithlain
Other leaders of Ajman
Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman
Sa'ad bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud †
Strength
<1,500 6,000
Casualties and losses
150

1,500 of Al Ahsa

900 of Nejd

The Battle of Kanzan was a territorial battle between the

Ajman tribe, which began in June 1915 and lasted for nearly six months. The reason for the battle was the tribe resisting the Al Saud rule.[1]

Background

The Ajman tribe's rebellion against the Al Saud rule began in 1854 during the

Abdullah who defeated them.[2] Next year the Ajman tribe reattempted to end the rule of Faisal which became a total destruction to them.[2] However, the tribe got advantages from the Ottomans in the region during this period.[3]

In the period between 1910 and 1912 rebellious grandsons of

Captain William Shakespear.[3][5] The reason for the defeat of Al Saud forces is given by both Arabic and British sources as the withdrawal of the Ajman tribe from the battlefield.[3][6] Ajman's hostility against the Al Saud increased following the battle of Jarrab.[4]

In addition, the Ajman tribe stole some of the livestock belonging to the Kuwaitis and Al Zubayr, and the Emir of Kuwait,

Mubarak bin Sabah, complained Abdulaziz about this incident and added that the Ajman tribe had sought refuge in their areas near Al Ahsa.[7][8] Although Abdulaziz asked Dhaydan bin Hithlain to return the stolen livestock, he did not accept it.[7]

Battle

Due to the factors given above Abdulaziz initiated an attack with an army of 4,000 men (3,500 from Hassa and 500 from Najd) against the Ajman tribe, numbering somewhat fewer than 3,000, in June 1915 which is called the battle of Kanzan.

Muhammad Abdulaziz managed to end the battle.[12] Abdulaziz also twice asked for assistance from Kuwaiti royal and future ruler of Kuwait, Salim bin Mubarak.[8] Mubarak's aid came late, but contributed to Abdulaziz's escape from the Al Ajman's attacks.[8] However, the Al Saud also lost other members in the final phase of the battle, including Faisal, brother of Saud Al Kabeer.[4]

Aftermath

Mubarak bin Sabah wrote a long letter to Abdulaziz criticising his tactics. The British political agent in Kuwait reported that Mubarak 'has no longer any confidence in Abdulaziz as a military leader.'

Bani Khalid tribesmen had inflicted severe losses on the Ajman at Jubail.[17]

Although the Ajman tribe had been victorious at Kanzan, they could not stay in the region and escaped to Kuwait where they lived under the protection of Jabir Al Sabah, the ruler of Kuwait.[18] However, they soon had to leave Kuwait and settled in the southwestern Iraq.[3]

In November 1916 Percy Cox met with Abdulaziz and Jabir Al Sabah in Basra to end the hostility between the Al Saud and the Ajman tribe which resulted in an agreement stating that the parties would not attack each other from now on.[3] However, the agreement was not fully obeyed by both parties.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ Abdulmajeed Alshalan (June 2017). Corrupt Practices in Saudi Arabia: An Analysis of the Legal Provisions and the Influence of Social Factors (Doctorate of Juridical Science thesis). Indiana University Maurer School of Law.
  2. ^ a b c Bilal Ahmad Kutty (1997). Saudi Arabia under King Faisal (PDF) (PhD thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. p. 46.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Khalid Abdullah Krairi (October 2016). John Philby and his political roles in the Arabian Peninsula, 1917-1953 (PhD thesis). University of Birmingham. pp. 245–247.
  4. ^
    S2CID 242260151
    .
  5. S2CID 232245475
    .
  6. ^ Hassan S. Abedin (2002). Abdulaziz Al Saud and the Great Game in Arabia, 1896-1946 (PhD thesis). King's College London. p. 124. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  7. ^ a b c "Al Ajman History (Part Three)" (in Arabic). Al Ajman Website. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  8. ^
    ISBN 9798657910797. ProQuest 302463650
    .
  9. ^ a b "'File E.8 (ii) Bin Saud' [20r] (54/891)". Qatar Digital Library. 30 May 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  10. ISBN 9798662288324. ProQuest 303101806
    .
  11. ISBN 9798641924397. ProQuest 303295482
    .
  12. ^ Talal Sha'yfan Muslat Al Azma (1999). The role of the Ikhwan under 'Abdul'Aziz Al Sa'ud 1916-1934 (PhD thesis). Durham University. p. 65.
  13. ^ "'File E.8 (ii) Bin Saud' [21r] (56/891)". Qatar Digital Library. 30 May 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  14. ^ "'File E.8 (ii) Bin Saud' [62r] (140/891)". Qatar Digital Library. 30 May 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  15. ^ "'File E.8 (ii) Bin Saud' [68r] (152/891)". Qatar Digital Library. 30 May 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  16. ^ "'File E.8 (ii) Bin Saud' [112r] (253/891)". Qatar Digital Library. 30 May 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  17. ^ "'File E.8 (ii) Bin Saud' [123r] (275/891)". Qatar Digital Library. 30 May 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  18. doi:10.25501/SOAS.00029402
    .
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