Benjamin Ward Richardson
Benjamin Ward Richardson | |
---|---|
Born | |
Died | 21 November 1896 London | (aged 68)
Nationality | British |
Occupation(s) | Physician; medical historian |
Known for | Public hygiene |
Sir Benjamin Ward Richardson
He was a close personal friend, and professional colleague, of
Education
Richardson was born at Somerby in Leicestershire, the only son of Benjamin Richardson and Mary Ward. He was educated by the Rev. W. Young Nutt at the Burrough Hill school in the same county. Being destined by the deathbed wish of his mother for the medical profession, his studies were always directed to that end, and he was apprenticed early to Henry Hudson, the surgeon at Somerby.[1]
He entered
In 1854, he was admitted M.A. and M.D. of St Andrews, where he afterwards became a member of the university court, an assessor of the general council, and in 1877, an honorary LL.D.[1]
Career
In 1849, Richardson left Hudson and joined Dr
In 1850, Richardson was admitted as a licentiate to the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow. He became a faculty lecturer in 1877, and was elected a Fellow on 3 June 1878.[1]
Richardson was a founder, and for thirty-five times in succession the President of the St Andrews Medical Graduates' Association. He was admitted as a member of the
Richardson moved to London in 1853–1854, and took a house at 12 Hinde Street, whence he moved to 25 Manchester Square. In 1854, he was appointed physician to the Blenheim Street Dispensary, and in 1856 to the
In 1854, Richardson became a lecturer on
In 1854, Richardson was awarded the
Richardson was elected an international member of the American Philosophical Society in 1863, and of the Imperial Leopold Carolina Academy of Sciences in 1867.[2] He became a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1877. In 1880 he was co-opted on to the London School Board.[3] In June 1893, he was knighted in recognition of his eminent services to humanitarian causes.[1]
He was elected President of the Association of Public Sanitary Inspectors of Great Britain (later renamed the Sanitary Inspectors Association (SIA)) from 1890 to 1896.[4] Like his predecessor, Sir Edwin Chadwick, he took a close interest in the Association, on many occasions leading deputations to the President of the Local Government Board to argue the case for security of tenure for inspectors against arbitrary dismissal. The local authority employers often consisted of local slum property owners and small businessmen, such as butchers, slaughterhouse owners, mill and factory owners, whose financial interests were affected by the inspectors' efforts. He also argued strongly on behalf of the sanitary inspectors who were for decades excluded from their own Examination and Registration Boards by medical interests who were concerned to keep the inspectors 'in their proper place' and preserve public health administration as a medical domain. His lawyer son Aubrey was also active on behalf of the SIA.
In 1862, he published Asclepiad: clinical essays volume 1, intended as a periodical; however, it was not widely received. It was not until 1884 when he published a new series The Asclepiad volume 1, second series, that it received adequate distribution and became a regular quarterly periodical, going under the full-blown title of The Asclepiad: A Book of Original Research and Observation in the Science, Art, and Literature of Medicine, Preventive and Curative. It continued to be published, through eleven volumes, until 1895.[1]
Awards
In 1854, Richardson was awarded the Fothergillian gold medal by the
Epilogue
Richardson died at 25 Manchester Square on 21 November 1896, and his body was cremated at Brookwood, Surrey.[1]
Richardson was a sanitary reformer, who busied himself with many of the smaller details of domestic sanitation which tend, in the aggregate, to prolong the average life in each generation. He spent many years in attempts to relieve pain among men by discovering and adapting substances capable of producing general or local
Richardson was an ardent and determined champion of total abstinence, for he held that alcohol was so powerful a drug that it should only be used by skilled hands in the greatest emergencies. He was also one of the earliest advocates of bicycling; he wrote 'Cycling as an Intellectual Pursuit' for Longman's Magazine in 1883. In 1863, he made known the peculiar properties of amyl nitrite, a drug which was largely used in the treatment of breast-pang (angina pectoris), and he introduced the bromides of quinine, iron and strychnia, ozonized ether, styptic and iodized colloid, peroxide of hydrogen, and ethylate of soda, substances which were soon largely used by the medical profession.[1]
Richardson was a vice-president of the Bread Reform League.[5] The League formed in 1880 to spread "knowledge of the dietetic advantage of Wheat-Meal Bread."[6] Richardson opposed the slaughter of animals but was not a vegetarian. He wrote that "It is quite true that I lean strongly towards the vegetarian movement. I have not, however, become a strict vegetarian, but have rather busied myself in showing how animals can be painlessly killed and carefully cleansed for the meat-market."[7]
Richardson was one of the most prolific writers of his generation. He wrote biographies, plays, poems, and songs, in addition to his more strictly scientific work. He wrote the
Family
He married, on 21 February 1857, Mary J. Smith of Mortlake, by whom he left two surviving sons and one daughter.[1] His son Aubrey married the writer and philanthropist Jerusha Davidson Richardson.[8]
Works
Non-fiction
- (1858). The Cause of the Coagulation of the Blood.
- (1876). On Alcohol.
- (1876). Diseases of Modern Life.
- (1876). Hygeia, a City of Health.
- (1877). The Future of Sanitary Science.
- (1878). Health and Life.
- (1878). Total Abstinence.
- (1882). Dialogues on Drink.
- (1882). Diseases of Modern Life.
- (1884). On the Healthy Manufacture of Bread.
- (1884). Brief Notes for Temperance Teachers.
- (1884). The Field of Disease.
- (1887). The Commonhealth.
- (1887). Public School Temperance.
- (1891). Foods for Man: Animal and Vegetable: A Comparison.
- (1891). Thomas Sopwith.
- (1896). Biological Experimentation: Its Function and Limits.
- (1897). Vita Medica: Chapters of a Medical Life and Work.
- (1900). Disciples of Aesculapius.
Fiction
- (1888). The Son of a Star: A Romance of the Second Century.
Selected articles
- (1880). "Health Through Education," The Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. CCXLVI, pp. 288–303.
- (1880). "Dress in Relation to Health," The Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. CCXLVI, pp. 469–488.
- (1881). "A First Electrician," The Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. CCLI, pp. 460–480.
- (1882). "Race and Life on English Soil," The Eclectic Magazine 36, pp. 606–621.
- (1886). "Woman's Work in Creation," Longman's Magazine 8, pp. 604–619.
Miscellany
- (1888). "Preface," to The Autobiography of George Harris. London: Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ltd.
- (1889). "The Art of Embalming," in Wood's Medical and Surgical Monographs. New York: William Wood & Company.
- (1895). "Introduction," to A Wheel Within a Wheel: How I Learned to Ride the Bicycle, by Frances Elizabeth Willard. London: Hutchinson & Co.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Power 1901.
- ^ "Benjamin W. Richardson". American Philosophical Society Members History Database. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
- ^ "School Board for London". Daily News. 22 October 1880.
- ^ Johnson, R (1983) A Century of Progress. IEHO. London
- ^ Forward, Charles W. (1898). Fifty Years of Food Reform: A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England. London: The Ideal Publishing Union. p. 83
- ^ Birch, Gordon Gerard; Green, Leslie Frank; Plaskett, L. G. (1972). Health and Food. Applied Science Publishers. p. 16
- ^ Richardson, Benjamin Ward. (1897). Vita Medica: Chapters of Medical Life and Work. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 269
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/60989. Retrieved 20 December 2020. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- Attribution
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Power, D'Arcy (1901). "Richardson, Benjamin Ward". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Further reading
- Ackerknecht, E. H. (1988). "Sir Benjamin Ward Richardson and the Jews", Gesnerus 45 (3–4), 317–21.
- MacNalty, Arthur Salusbury (1950). A Biography of Sir Benjamin Ward Richardson. London: Harvey & Blythe.
External links
- Works by Benjamin Ward Richardson at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Benjamin Ward Richardson at Internet Archive
- Works by Benjamin Ward Richardson, at Hathi Trust
- Works by Benjamin Ward Richardson, at JSTOR
- Works by Benjamin Ward Richardson at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- Richardson, Sir Benjamin Ward
- Richardson, Sir Benjamin Ward (1828–1896)