Bill Young (CIA officer)

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Bill Young
Birth nameWilliam Young
Nickname(s)Bill
Born(1934-10-28)October 28, 1934
Suicide by gunshot
AllegianceUnited States United States
Service/branch United States Army
Central Intelligence Agency
Years of service1958–1967 (CIA)
Battles/warsLaotian Civil War

William Young (28 October 1934 – 1 April 2011) was a

covert operations in the secret war in the Kingdom of Laos. He was then considered for the position of case officer to the Hmong Vang Pao. He was passed over in favor of sending him on an extended reconnaissance of the Kingdom of Laos. His tour ranged westward from his start at Long Tieng, which he reported as well sited for operations in the Plain of Jars, back to familiar territory in the Golden Triangle
.

While assigned to paramilitary duty in Nam Yu, Laos, in the

People's Republic of China. In time, he clashed with his superiors over the increasing aerial bombing of Laos, and was fired. He spent almost all the rest of his life as a businessman in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Upon occasion, he would work security for an oil company in Sudan, or consult for the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration
. Plagued by ill-health in his later years, he died by suicide on 1 April 2011.

Family background

Young was born on 28 October 1934 in

Baptist missionary family. The mission was first established among Lahu in the Burmese mountains by Young's grandfather, William Marcus Young. The eldest Young converted many hill tribesmen to Christianity, his proselytizing aided by the Lahu cultural belief in the coming of a white god. Bill Young's father Harold inherited the mission and moved it to Chiang Mai in northern Thailand. Bill Young grew up participating in the Lahu tribe's traditions of hunting, hiking, and jungle survival. Not only did his youthful adventures equip him for life as a jungle dweller, it raised him in multiple languages. His knowledge of Thai, Lahu, Shan and Lao would be a key asset to the Central Intelligence Agency in the future.[1] So was his family's significance to the Christianized hill tribes, which Young would play upon to support his anti-Communist activities for the Central Intelligence Agency.[2]

Both Young's elder brother Gordon and his father Harold aided the CIA with an

southern China. While Harold recruited agents and gathered the resultant intelligence, Gordon trained the agents in broadcast procedures and radio repair. Bill Young met Bill Lair through this family connection.[1] Lair claimed he first met Young when the latter was 18 years old—"a big, strong, good looking, very innocent guy." That establishes their first meeting as being in late 1952 or early 1953.[3]

Central Intelligence Agency service

Son Bill followed in his father's footsteps by joining the CIA after serving in the U.S. Army in Germany. He was then hired by the CIA in 1958

Pat Landry as they worked together at the Royal Thai Air Force Base at Udorn. All of these scotched his chance for which he seemed ideally suited, that of CIA adviser to the Hmong General Vang Pao.[6]

Lair's solution to the personnel problem was to ship Young out from headquarters into the field. He used him to assist in founding the

guerrilla bases in Laos. Young flew toward the Plain of Jars and found a feasible location at Long Tieng. It would be developed by the CIA paramilitary into Lima Site 20 Alternate, the center of the purportedly Secret War.[6][7]

Lair thought Young uniquely qualified to operate solo in a culture that is so different from American ways. Lair had Young work his way westward toward the mountains where he was reared. Young's directions were to contact village headmen for recruitment and to find airstrip locations for Lima Sites. He was also exploring a possible line of retreat for Vang Pao's army through

Sainyabuli Province southward into Thailand.[8] Young reached Sainyabuli Province in January 1962. Keeping a low profile there throughout the spring, he was able to recruit only 30 new guerrillas.[9]

Later in 1962, Young moved northward into far northwestern Laos, as close to the familiar Burmese hills and

ethnic minorities, Young managed to raise a part-time militia of several thousand guerrillas.[8][10]

Young established his base at Nam Yu, Laos, in the Golden Triangle just south of the Chinese border; as part of his base, he opened Lima Site 118A so he could have aerial resupply.[4] Some 20 additional dirt airstrips for STOL aircraft were carved out throughout the area by late 1963. He also established a second site nearby for refugee relief operations; the setup was analogous to that at Long Tieng and Sam Thong.[11] Nam Yu, being near the borders of both Burma and China, offered easy access to both nations. Initially, Young enrolled Burmese Shan for leadership and communications roles because they spoke English. Their major drawback was their scarce numbers in the Laotian populace. However, Young's family background facilitated recruitment from the Shan National Army in far northern Burma. He also had contacts within the National Chinese remnants there; indeed, Battalion Especiale 101 (Special Battalion 101) of the Laotian army was raised from this group. However, by late 1962, this source of manpower would come to be shunned by the CIA as the Kuomintang holdovers began to edge into opium trading. Their past poor performance in combat also told against their retention.[12]

The espionage teams trained by Young were segregated by ethnic background. In 1964, those codenamed Scope began carrying out

Yunnan wilderness into Laos, and headed for Thailand.[4]

Young also had the telephone lines on the Chinese side of the border tapped although no valuable information was gained. However, with no outside enemy to fight, his tribal militia tended to squabble with one another over ethnic differences.[13] Nevertheless, there would be more than 50 cross-border missions between 1962 and 1971. Beginning in 1963, Young would also use locally recruited Kuomintang troops to raid villages occupied by the opposing Pathet Lao.[14]

After five years labor, Young had a guerrilla training program in full swing and teams of spies infiltrating China's Yunnan Province, as well as three radio listening posts just within the Burmese border, aimed at China.

Mien guerrillas, aroused extreme antipathy from the local Thai liaison officer, Captain Siri Pandy. Pandy returned to Bangkok. Young was recalled to CIA Headquarters for this insubordinate act in October 1964.[16][17]

Young was returned to Nam Yu in August 1965, to run the cross-border infiltrations of local intelligence teams. By the time Young resigned from the CIA in 1967, he had not only organized the trans-border spying operations that wiretapped the Chinese telephone network, he had founded a training program that graduated 35 new agents every other month, and set up three communication stations in Burma near the Chinese border to monitor Chinese radio traffic. Given that legal commerce in opium permeated the population of northwestern Laos, it was inevitable that Young both dealt with opium smugglers and was accused of engaging in opium smuggling. Young maintained he followed the CIA policy of indifference to the trade.[18]

Later life

After Young departed CIA employ, he was employed by former Burmese Prime Minister U Nu. Beginning in April 1969, he roamed from one wealthy donor to another, swapping trade concessions in Burma for funds to establish the United National Liberated Front (ULNF). Returning from the United States, Young joined in recruiting ULNF troops. However, the Lahu recruits and the Chinese trainers engaged in ethnic quarrels. The UNLF failed because of this disunity.[17]

Young moved back to Chiang Mai. He began trading in gems, and owned an orchard and a

stewardesses and nurses. He married one of the former, and made an abortive move to the United States. He divorced, and returned to Chiang Mai.[19] Upon occasion, he would trade upon his CIA background, to work as an oil firm's security consultant in Sudan or for the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.[2]

Serious health problems, including emphysema, beset him during his final years and he died by his own hand on 1 April 2011.[2] When Thai police discovered his body, he had a pistol in his right hand and a crucifix in his left. He had been paid $100,000 by a major Hollywood studio for his life story of adventure as a tribal warlord, but the film was never made.[19]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Warner, Back Fire: The CIA's Secret War in Laos and Its Link to the War in Vietnam, p. 53.
  2. ^ a b c d e Tom Fawthrop, 4 May 2011, "William Young Obituary", The Guardian. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  3. ^ 12 December 2001 oral interview of Bill Lair, Vietnam Archive at Texas Technical University; p. 138; Steve Maxner, interviewer. http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/star/images/oh/oh0200/OH0200-part2.pdf Archived 2014-03-13 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d Valentine, The Strength of the Wolf: The Secret History of America's War on Drugs, p. 421.
  5. ^ McCoy, The Politics of Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global Drug Trade, p. 306.
  6. ^ a b Warner, Back Fire: The CIA's Secret War in Laos and Its Link to the War in Vietnam, p. 74.
  7. ^ McCoy, The Politics of Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global Drug Trade, p. 307.
  8. ^ a b Warner, Back Fire: The CIA's Secret War in Laos and Its Link to the War in Vietnam, pp. 129–130.
  9. ^ Conboy, Morrison, Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos, p. 90.
  10. ^ McCoy, The Politics of Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global Drug Trade, p. 339.
  11. ^ McCoy, The Politics of Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global Drug Trade, pp. 336–337.
  12. ^ a b Conboy, Morrison, Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos, pp. 164-166.
  13. ^ Warner, Back Fire: The CIA's Secret War in Laos and Its Link to the War in Vietnam, pp. 250–251.
  14. ^ Cockburn, Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs, and the Press, p. 228.
  15. ^ Warner, Back Fire: The CIA's Secret War in Laos and Its Link to the War in Vietnam, p. 252.
  16. ^ Conboy, Morrison, Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos, p. 135.
  17. ^ a b McCoy, The Politics of Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global Drug Trade, p. 336.
  18. ^ McCoy, The Politics of Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global Drug Trade, pp. 338–339, 341–343, 345.
  19. ^ a b Edward Loxton, 4 April 2011, "CIA hitman Bill Young found dead in Chiang Mai", The Week. Retrieved 2 September 2014.

References

  • Cockburn, Alexander (1998). Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs, and the Press. Verso. ISBNs 1859841392, 9781859841396.
  • Conboy, Kenneth, and James Morrison (1995). Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos. Paladin Press.
    ISBN 9781581605358
    .
  • Valentine, Douglas (2004). The Strength of the Wolf: The Secret History of America's War on Drugs. Verso. ISBNs 1859845681, 9781859845684.
  • ISBN 1-55652-483-8
    .
  • Warner, Roger (1995). Back Fire: The CIA's Secret War in Laos and Its Link to the War in Vietnam. Simon & Schuster. ISBNs 0684802929, 9780684802923.
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