Bleue du Nord

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Bleue du Nord
FAO (2007): endangered-maintained[1]: 41 
  • DAD-IS (2022): at risk[2]
    • Country of originFrance
    DistributionNord-Pas-de-Calais[3]
    Traits
    Weight
    • Male:
      average 1150 kg[2]
    • Female:
      average 700 kg[2]
    Height
    • Male:
      average 142 cm[2]
    • Female:
      average 135 cm[2]
    Coatwhite, black pied, blue roan pied
    Horn statushorned in both sexes
  • Bos (primigenius) taurus
    • a pale cow with blue markings and black-tipped ears eating grass
    Cow at pasture
    Avesnois

    The Bleue du Nord is a French

    double-muscling characteristic of the Belgian Blue, caused by a genetic myostatin
    deficiency, is present also in the Bleue du Nord, but to a limited and controlled extent.

    History

    Like many European breeds, the Bleue du Nord derives from

    cross-breeding of local dairy stock with animals of the Durham breed – what would later be called the Shorthorn – imported from Britain. From about 1850, in the historic region of Hainaut on the border between France and Belgium, the Durham was crossed with dairy cattle of Dutch Friesian type with the aim of combining the growth rate of the former with the dairy qualities of the latter. Breeding was initially directed towards dairy use. Both the Bleue du Nord and the Belgian Blue descend from this stock.[4]
    : 42 

    By the end of the nineteenth century the Bleue du Nord was widespread in the region. Numbers fell drastically during the

    herd-book of the Bleue du Nord was closed in 1953.[5]
    : 132 

    From about 1960, breeding of the Belgian Blue – known in France as the Blanc-Bleu – concentrated heavily on beef production and on the "double-muscling" characteristic. A small number of French breeders continued to raise the older dual-purpose type. A new herd-book for the Bleue du Nord was opened in 1986[2][3] or 1998.[5]: 132 

    In 2007 the conservation status of the Bleue du Nord was listed by the

    FAO as 'endangered-maintained'.[1]: 41  In 2020 the total population was reported as 3321, with registered breeding stock consisting of 1231 cows and 41 bulls.[2] It is distributed mainly in the cantons of Avesnes-sur-Helpe, Bavay, Le Quesnoy, Maubeuge and Valenciennes in the former region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais – now part of Hauts-de-France – in the north-east of the country, on the border with Belgium.[4]
    : 42 

    In 2008 an international project of co-operation began to co-ordinate exchange of breeding stock between the Bleue du Nord of France and the closely similar Bleu Mixte of Belgium – the surviving remnant of dual-purpose Belgian Blue.[5]: 132 

    Characteristics

    The Bleue du Nord may be black-and-white pied, blue-and-white pied, or white.[5]: 132  The muzzle and mucous areas are dark.[3] The horns are white at the base, black at the tips.[4]: 44 

    The cattle are docile and easily managed. They are frugal, robust and resistant, and well adapted to the cold and damp conditions of their native area.[4]: 45 

    The Mf gene, which causes the

    homozygous for the Mf gene are selected each year as donors for artificial insemination.[5]
    : 132 

    Use

    The Bleue du Nord has been selectively bred to maintain both its abilities as a dairy breed and its qualities as a beef breed.[4]: 45 

    Milk yield is lower than in specialised dairy breeds. It is variously reported as 4853 kg in 292 days;[4]: 44  as 5350 litres in a standard lactation of 300 days;[3] and as 6108 litres.[5]: 132  The record for the breed is 10795 kg in one lactation.[4]: 46 

    The meat is tender and low in fat.[4]: 45 

    References

    Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bleue du Nord.
    1. ^
      ISBN 9789251057629
      . Archived 23 June 2020.
    2. ^ a b c d e f g Breed data sheet: Bleue du Nord / France (Cattle). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed July 2022.
    3. ^ a b c d Étude de la race bovine: Bleue du Nord (in French). Bureau des Ressources Génétiques. Archived 10 November 2014.
    4. ^
      ISBN 9782855571515
      .
    5. ^
      ISBN 9781780647944
      .
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