Boyce McDaniel

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Boyce McDaniel
MIT,
Manhattan Project,
Laboratory for Nuclear Studies, Cornell,
Fermilab
Doctoral advisorsRobert Bacher
Hans Bethe[1]

Boyce Dawkins McDaniel (June 11, 1917 – May 8, 2002) was an American nuclear physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project and later directed the Cornell University Laboratory of Nuclear Studies (LNS). McDaniel was skilled in constructing "atom smashing" devices to study the fundamental structure of matter and helped to build the most powerful particle accelerators of his time. Together with his graduate student, he invented the pair spectrometer.

During World War II, McDaniel used his electronics expertise to help develop

Trinity test
, during a lightning storm.

Biography

Born in

neutrons in indium.[2] The research was not classified, but McDaniel and Robert Bacher, his adviser at Cornell, marked it as "secret" on their own initiative.[2] From Cornell, McDaniel moved to MIT where he held a postdoctoral position, studying "the rapidly evolving field of fast electronics", which he applied to research in particle physics.[4]

After the outbreak of

Trinity test.[5]

Photo of McDaniel and Norris Bradbury with the Trinity test atomic bomb
McDaniel (right) and Norris Bradbury with the "gadget" atom bomb ahead of the Trinity test.

McDaniel was one of many Manhanttan Project researchers to join the Cornell faculty after the war. He became an assistant professor in 1946 and became a full professor in 1955. With his Ph.D. student Robert Walker, he invented the pair spectrometer, a device that measures

GeV, 2 GeV, and 10 GeV, each of which enabled physicists to study phenomena in a new energy range.[6][7]
McDaniel quickly earned a reputation as a hands-on designer as indicated by this episode in the construction of the 300 MeV synchrotron:

The magnet coil was wound incorrectly, a fatal flaw. To get it repaired by the manufacturer could take months. Mac made a toy model of the coil, studied it carefully for an evening, and discovered an ingenious but simple way to repair it, which he did in about a day, and defused the crisis.[8]

He was a

Guggenheim fellow in 1959 at the University of Rome.[5]

In 1967, McDaniel became director of LNS and served until he retired from the Cornell faculty in 1985. He research included important measurements with each of the series of LNS accelerators, including studies lambda-baryon photo production,

K-meson production, and measurements of the neutron electromagnetic form factors.[2][7]

Accelerators That McDaniel Helped Develop
Power Year
300 MeV Cornell 1947[8]
1 GeV Cornell 1957[10]
2 GeV Cornell 1964[11]
10 GeV Cornell 1967[12]
12 GeV (effective) CESR 1979[13]
300 GeV FermiLab 1973[14]

Wilson and McDaniel continued to collaborate at Cornell until Wilson left to head

international linear collider.[13] In 1981, McDaniel developed a proposal for a new mile-diameter electron-positron collider called CSER II, but could not obtain the necessary $200 million in funding for it.[15] In 1988, McDaniel was Visiting Distinguished Professor at Arizona State University.[3]

Trinity test
device for detonation.

When interviewed in 1973 about his feelings on his work resulting in the dropping of atomic bombs on Japanese cities, McDaniel said:

It's so difficult to assess these things today. I would have preferred to see a demonstration and am rather sad that it didn't work out that way ... but I don't know if it would have worked out as a useful venture. I have no idea what the Japanese would have done.[16]

Sexual harassment allegation

In 1975, 11 years before the

Carmita Dickerson Wood, an administrative assistant to McDaniel, quit her job after years of alleged sexual harassment by McDaniel, bringing her case to Lin Farley and the Working Women United organization which Farley chaired.[17] Wood was denied unemployment benefits by Cornell after having cited "personal reasons" as the cause of her departure. She was later placed in another job on Cornell's campus. No formal investigation into the allegations was conducted, and McDaniel was not formally investigated by Cornell nor reprimanded. Nevertheless, the incident contributed to a surge in interest in workplace sexual harassment which culminated in the 1986 decision.[18]

Honors

McDaniel was elected to the

National Academy of Sciences in 1981.[19] He was a governing board member of Fermilab, a trustee of the Associated Universities, a member of the Department of Energy High Energy Advisory Panel, a trustee of the Universities Research Association and a board member of Brookhaven National Laboratory.[2][3]

In 1993, the McDaniels donated a farm to the

Cornell Plantations, which named the 60.6 acre property the Jane McDaniel Preserve.[20]

In 2002, McDaniel died of a heart attack in Ithaca, New York, aged 84.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ McDaniel, B. D. (1943). The absorption of slow neutrons by indium. Cornell, New York: Cornell University. The author wishes to express his appreciation to Professors R.F. Bacher and H.A. Bethe for their personal direction of this work.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Friedlander, Blaine P. Jr (May 16, 2002). "CU's Boyce McDaniel, last man to check first atomic bomb, dies at 84". Cornell Chronicle. Retrieved August 29, 2016.
  3. ^ a b c "Array of Contemporary American Physicists". American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 2010-08-31. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
  4. ^ Albert Silverman and Peter Stein. "Boyce Dawkins McDaniel" (PDF). National Academy of Science. p. 3. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
  5. ^ a b c "Boyce McDaniel, 84, Atom-Bomb Pioneer". New York Times. 2002-05-17. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
  6. ^ a b Albert Silverman and Peter Stein. "Boyce Dawkins McDaniel" (PDF). National Academy of Science. p. 5. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
  7. ^ a b Feinstein, Matthew (March 6, 1968). "Synchrotron Hits Peak". Cornell Daily Sun. Vol. 84, no. 100. p. 1. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
  8. ^ a b Albert Silverman and Peter Stein. "Boyce Dawkins McDaniel" (PDF). National Academy of Science. p. 6. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
  9. ^ "McDaniel Wins Fulbright Aid". Cornell Daily Sun. Vol. 69, no. 49. November 17, 1952. p. 6. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
  10. ^ Albert Silverman and Peter Stein. "Boyce Dawkins McDaniel" (PDF). National Academy of Science. p. 7. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
  11. ^ Albert Silverman and Peter Stein. "Boyce Dawkins McDaniel" (PDF). National Academy of Science. p. 9. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
  12. ^ Albert Silverman and Peter Stein. "Boyce Dawkins McDaniel" (PDF). National Academy of Science. p. 10. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
  13. ^ a b "LEPP-CSER". Cornell University. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
  14. ^ a b Albert Silverman and Peter Stein. "Boyce Dawkins McDaniel" (PDF). National Academy of Science. p. 11. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
  15. ^ Kiernan, Vincent (April 27, 1981). "Cornell Picks Possible Site For Subatomic Laboratory". Cornell Daily Sun. Vol. 97, no. 129. p. 1. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
  16. ^ Linder, Barbara (Nov 15, 1973). "30 Years Later: The A-Bomb". Cornell Daily Sun. p. 1. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
  17. OCLC 157022665.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  18. ^ Aron, Nina (20 October 2017). "Groping in the Ivy League led to the first sexual harassment suit—and nothing happened to the man". Timeline. Medium. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  19. ^ "Science Academy Elects 4 Cornell Faculty Members". Cornell Daily Sun. Vol. 97, no. 134. May 4, 1981. p. 3. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
  20. ^ "McDaniel Meadow, Woods and Swap". Cornell University. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-01-09.

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