Bromopyrogallol red
Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
2′,7′-Dibromo-3′,4′,5′,6′-tetrahydroxy-1H-1λ6-spiro[[2,1]benzoxathiole-3,9′-xanthene]-1,1-dione | |
Other names
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Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
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ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.036.923 |
EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C19H10Br2O9S | |
Molar mass | 574.15 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Powder, dark brown [2] |
Melting point | 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Not a dangerous substance according to Directive 67/548/EEC |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | MSDS |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Bromopyrogallol red is frequently used in analytical chemistry as a reagent for spectrophometric analysis and as an complexometric indicator.
Uses, behaviors, and properties
Bromopyrogallol red is commonly used in analytical chemistry as a spectrophotometric reagent and complexometric indicator. When metal ion complexation reactions are carried out in the presence of quaternary ammonium salts, the analytical possibilities with bromopyrogallol red are even greater. Doing this also increases the color contrast and sensitivity of many elements for analysis.[3] In addition, bromopyrogallol red can also be widely used as a metallochromic indicator.[4] Bromopyrogallol red has been used as a complexometric indicator for determination of Bi, Cd, Co, Mg, and Mn.
Bromopyrogallol red is
Bromopyrogallol red is also a triphenylmethane indictor. An efficient purification can be obtained by chromatographic separation on a polyamide column prewashed with HCl. Purity can then be checked by
In pharmacy, bromopyrogallol red serves to bind proteins together. It is used in 30–100 μmol/L concentrations. It has been used in the electrophoretic mobility shift assay and p50 and title comp preincubated in assay buffer, pH 7.5 (room temp., 5 min).[6]
Applications and research
Bromopyrogallol red has numerous applications with analytical chemistry, such as spectrophotometric analysis and as a complexometric indicator.
Spectrophotometric determination
By reacting the bromopyrogallol red with niobium(V) in a tartrate medium at pH 6.0, an intense blue coloured 3:1 reagent was formed. The sensitivity and conditional selectivity of bromopyrogallol red was also studied and results show that trace amounts of silver can be detected from the formation of a ternary complex between 1,10-phenanthroline, bromopyrogallol red and silver ion. This is because of the two adjacent phenol groups in the structure of bromopyrogallol red.[7]
Bromopyrogallol red is used as indicating reagent for rare-earth elements. It is chosen under the spectrophotometric determination method and used as indicator because the reagent forms different visible color. Bromopyrogallol red forms blue to violet-blue complexes with yttrium and cerium. It also has shows orange yellow in strong acid solution, claret red in nearly neutral solution and blue in alkaline solution.[8]
Increased cell efficiency
By forming complex ion of bromopyrogallol red and iron(II) compounds, the efficiency of cell can be increased. The lowest transition in the bromopyrogallol have a MLCT character, which greatly increase the electron sensitivity in Iron (II) and thus the complexation of bromopyrogallol ligand with iron(II) bisoxalato moiety was determined to increase the cell efficiency to a higher level.[9]
Hydrogen donor substrate for peroxidase
Bromopyrogallol red is designed to be a hydrogen donor for peroxidase. Instead of an indicator, bromopyrogallol red is now used as a catalyst, and its reaction rate depends upon enzyme and substrate concentrations. With the HRP-H2O2-BPR catalytic system, the bromopyrogallol red is determined to be an efficient reagent and quantitation of HRP can be performed. It will increase the reaction rate of H2O2 and glucose.[10]
Characterization
Bromopyrogallol red is a green to dark brown crystalline powder. It produces a spectrum in
Safety
As a
See also
References
- ^ "spiro(3h-2,1-benzoxathiole-3,9'-(9h)xanthene)-3',4',5',6'-tetrol, 2',7'-dibromo-, 1,1-dioxide". ChemSpider. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
- ^ a b "Bromopyrogallol Red". Chemical Book. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ .
- ^ "Bromopyrogallol Red" (PDF). SCBT. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- S2CID 93875968.
- PMID 16759101.
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- ^ Andreeva, I. Yu.; Lebedeva, L. I.; Shablina, M. Yu. (1983). J. Gen. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.). 53 (12): 2766–2770, 2494–2497.
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