Buellia aethalea

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Buellia aethalea

Vulnerable  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Caliciales
Family: Caliciaceae
Genus: Buellia
Species:
B. aethalea
Binomial name
Buellia aethalea
Synonyms[2]
  • Buellia aethalea f. aethaleoides (Nyl.) Grummann
  • Buellia aethalea f. baltica (Erichsen) Grummann
  • Buellia aethalea f. sororioides (Erichsen) Grummann
  • Buellia aethalea subsp. aethaleoides (Nyl.) Grummann, 1958
  • Buellia aethalea subsp. baltica (Erichsen) Grummann, 1957
  • Buellia aethalea subsp. sororioides (Erichsen) Grummann, 1957
  • Buellia aethaleoides (Nyl.) H.Olivier
  • Buellia atroalba var. aethaleoides (Nyl.) Boistel
  • Buellia atroalbella var. aethalea (Ach.) Mong.
  • Buellia atropallidula (Nyl.) J.Lahm, 1883
  • Buellia baltica Erichsen
  • Buellia hillmannii Erichsen
  • Buellia impressula (Leight.) A.L.Sm.
  • Buellia ocellata var. tenella Müll.Arg., 1875
  • Buellia soraria Th.Fr.
  • Buellia sororia Th.Fr.
  • Buellia sororia subsp. sororioides (Erichsen) Riehm., 1935
  • Buellia sororia var. sororioides (Erichsen) Riehm.
  • Buellia sororioides Erichsen
  • Buellia sororioides f. dendritica Erichsen, 1930
  • Buellia subatra Erichsen
  • Buellia subatrata Erichsen
  • Caloplaca umbrinofusca (Nyl.) H.Olivier
  • Gyalecta aethalea Ach.
  • Lecanora atropallidula Nyl.
  • Lecanora immersata Nyl., 1878
  • Lecanora umbrinofusca Nyl.
  • Lecidea aethalea (Ach.) Nyl.
  • Lecidea aethalea (Ach.) Stiz.
  • Lecidea aethaleoides Nyl.
  • Lecidea atroalbella var. aethalea (Ach.) Nyl.
  • Lecidea impressula Leight.
  • Lecidea sororia (Th.Fr.) Stizenb.
  • Lecidea verruculosa Borrer
  • Lichen opegraphus subsp. aethalea (Ach.) Lam.
  • Lichen verruculosus Borrer
  • Melanaspicilia aethalea (Ach.) Vain.
  • Rinodina atropallidula (Nyl.) Arnold
  • Rinodina immersata (Körb.) Zahlbr.
  • Rinodina ocellulata Bagl. & Carestia
  • Rinodina umbrinofusca (Nyl.) H.Olivier

Buellia aethalea is a species of lichen that belongs to the family Caliciaceae.[2] It is commonly known as darkened button lichen,[3][4] and Buellie noircie in French.[1] The lichen's familiar nickname is inspired by the appearance of its surface, adorned with small black spots reminiscent of buttons.[5]

Description

The

areolate structure, with the individual areoles varying considerably in their appearance. They typically range from 0.2–0.6(−1.2) mm in diameter, displaying an angular, irregular shape. The areoles can exhibit a pale to dark grey coloration,[6][7] sometimes taking on a brownish tint that gives the thallus a discolored look.[8] Separating the areoles is a narrow, black prothallus that helps delineate the edges of the thallus.[8]

Examining the thallus

microscopically reveals a white medulla[7] that lacks any deposits of calcium oxalate.[9]

Reproductive structures on this lichen are represented by its lecideine

pruina or surface bloom.[9]

The excipular anatomy of the apothecia is rather narrow and poorly differentiated. The inner

epihymenium.[9][7]

The hymenium itself is hyaline and lacks any conspicuous oil droplets. The paraphyses exhibit a simple to moderately branched morphology, with their apical portions swollen and capped in a brown pigment.[9]

Turning to the asci, they are clavate in shape and contain 8 ascospores each.[6] Those ascospores start out as a blue-green color but eventually mature into a dark brown hue. They are 1-septate, broadly ellipsoid in shape, and become constricted with age, measuring (11–)11.6–[12.8]–14.1(−17) x (5–)7.2–[8.1]–8.9(−10) μm.[9]

bacilliform, measuring 5–5.5 x 1 μm.[9]

Chemistry

UV light, and the medulla is non-amyloid.[9] The secondary metabolites present in B. aethalea are norstictic and connorstictic acids.[9]

This lichen species is

siliceous (HCl-) rock substrates.[9][1]

Distribution and ecology

Buellia aethalea is widely distributed across temperate regions, with the species being commonly encountered in northern Europe. However, reports of its occurrence in North America are considerably scarcer.[9]

Within the Sonoran Desert region of North America, the lichen has been documented growing at higher elevations in the state of Arizona. Specific locations where B. aethalea has been observed include the San Francisco Peaks and the White Mountains.[9]

Ecologically, Buellia aethalea functions as an

epilithic lichen, colonizing a variety of siliceous, or acid-based, rock substrates.[9][1]

Conservation status

Worldwide

According to NatureServe conservation status, Buellia aethalea has a global conservation status of G3 (rounded), indicating it is vulnerable.[1]

National

In Canada, it is ranked as N3N5, with subnational ranks of S3S5 in British Columbia and SNR (unranked) in other provinces.[1] In the United States, it is unranked nationally and, in several states.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Buellia aethalea Darkened Button Lichen". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Buellia aethalea (Ach.) Th.Fr". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  3. ^ "World Species : Buellia aethalea (Darkened button lichen)". worldspecies.org. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  4. ^ "Buellia aethalea | NWT Species Search". www.gov.nt.ca. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  5. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2004)107[441:TBAITG]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 12 April 2024 – via Internet Archive
    . thallus surface matt, usually crusty and gray to pale brown ... Apothecia lecidei-ne; (0.1–)0.2–0.3(–0.5) mm in diameter; remaining immersed, not becoming sessile, predominantly in center of areoles; proper margin indistinct, reduced, inconspicious, black; disc black. These characteristic black spots, resembling tiny buttons, lend the lichen its colloquial name "darkened button lichen.
  6. ^ a b c "Irish lichens – Buellia aethalea". www.irishlichens.ie. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d Nimis, P.L. (2016). "Buellia aethalea (Ach.) Th. Fr". ITALIC – The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  8. ^ a b "Buellia aethalea". fungi.myspecies.info. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Consortium of Lichen Herbaria – Buellia aethalea". lichenportal.org. Retrieved 17 March 2024.

Further readings

  • Fries, T.M. (1874) Lichenographia Scandinavica sive dispositio lichenum in Dania, Suecia, Norvegia, Fennia, Lapponia Rossica hactus collectorum. Vol. I Archilichenes discocarpos continens. Pars II. Upsaliae. 325–639 pp.   (Mattick Rec.# 26736 – Literature on Lichens) (PDF file)
  • Bungartz, F. and Nash III, T.H. (2004) The Buellia aethalea-group in the Greater Sonoran Desert Region with reference to similar species in North America. The Bryologist 107(4): 441–458.   (RLL List # 198 / Rec. # 26661 – Recent Literature on Lichens) (JSTOR) (PDF file) (Description of Buella aethalea: pp. 442–445; black-and-white photos of thallus and apothecium: p. 444; map of distribution in the Greater Sonoran Desert Region: p. 453)
  • Bungartz, F., Nordin, A. and Grube, U. (2007) Buellia (pp. 113–179) In: Nash III, T.H., Gries, C., and Bungartz, F. (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 3. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 567 pages.   (RLL List # 210 / Rec. # 29889 – Recent Literature on Lichens) (PDF file) (Description & map of Buellia aethalea: pp. 127–128) (Color photo of B. aethalea in central section of Vol. III)
  • Dobson, F.S. (2000) (Fourth edition) Buellia (pp. 80–83) In, Lichens: An illustrated guide to the British and Irish species. The Richmond Publishing Co., Ltd., Slough, England, 431 pp. (Description and color photo of Buellia aethalea: p. 80)
  • Purvis, O.W., Coppins, B.J., Hawksworth, D.L., James, P.W. and Moore, D.M. (eds.) (1992) Buellia (pp. 129–137) In, The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. London: Natural History Museum Publication, 710 pp. (Buellia aethalea: pp. 131–132)

External links

Photos

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