Calochilus
Beard orchid | |
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Calochilus platychilus on Black Mountain in the A.C.T. | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Asparagales |
Family: | Orchidaceae |
Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
Tribe: | Diurideae |
Subtribe: | Thelymitrinae |
Genus: | Calochilus R.Br.
|
Calochilus, commonly known as beard orchids, is a
Description
Orchids in the genus Calochilus are terrestrial,
The
Taxonomy and naming
The genus Calochilus was first formally described by
Distribution and habitat
There are about thirty species of beard orchid. One species is endemic to New Caledonia with the remainder occurring in Australia, although three also occur in New Zealand and one also in New Guinea. Beard orchids are found in all Australian states.[5] In temperate Australia and in New Zealand they grow on slopes and ridges in forest, woodland, shrubland, heath and wet swamps; in tropical Australia and New Guinea in wet, grassy areas. The New Caledonian species, Calochilus neocalidonium grows in maquis shrubland on rocky soils.[2]
Ecology
In tropical regions, Calochilus species complete their life cycle before the start of the dry season but in more temperate areas they grow in autumn and winter and when the leaves are fully developed they flower in spring and early summer. There have been few studies on the pollination of beard orchids but male Campsomeris wasps have been observed collecting pollinia from some flowers while attempting to copulate with the labellum.[2] In all species, the anther is directly above the stigma, so that if the flower is not cross pollinated, the pollinia fall or crumple onto it.[2]
Species list
Species accepted as of July 2018:[12]
- Calochilus ammobius D.L.Jones & B.Gray - sand beard orchid (Qld.)
- Calochilus caeruleus L.O.Williams - wiry beard orchid (New Guinea, Qld., N.T.)
- Calochilus caesius D.L.Jones - blue beard orchid (N.T.)
- )
- Calochilus cleistanthus D.L.Jones - pallid beard orchid (Qld)
- Calochilus gracillimus Rupp - late beard orchid, slender beard orchid (Qld., N.S.W.)
- Calochilus grandiflorus (Benth.) Domin - golden beard orchid, giant beard orchid (Qld., N.S.W.)
- Calochilus herbaceus Lindl. - pale beard orchid (N.S.W., S.A., Tas. North Island of New Zealand)
- Calochilus holtzei F.Muell. - ghostly beard orchid (N.T., W.A.)
- Calochilus imperiosus D.L.Jones - imperial beard orchid (Qld., N.T.)
- Calochilus kalaru D.L.Jones - (N.S.W.)
- Calochilus metallicus D.L.Jones - metallic beard orchid (Qld.)
- Calochilus montanus D.L.Jones - mountain beard orchid (N.S.W.)
- Calochilus neocaledonicus Schltr. - New Caledonia
- Calochilus paludosus R.Br. - red beard orchid, red beardie (Qld., N.S.W., Vic., S.A., Tas. North Island of N.Z.)
- Calochilus platychilus D.L.Jones - purple beard orchid (N.S.W.)
- Calochilus praealtus D.L.Jones - lofty beard (N.S.W.)
- Calochilus pruinosus D.L.Jones - mallee beard orchid (W.A.)
- Calochilus psednus D.L.Jones & Lavarack - Cardwell beard orchid (Qld.)
- Calochilus pulchellus D.L.Jones - pretty beard orchid (N.S.W.)
- Calochilus richae Nicholls - bald-tip beard orchid (Vic.)
- Calochilus robertsonii Benth. - purple beard orchid, purplish beard orchid (Qld., N.S.W., Vic., S.A., Tas., W.A. N.Z.)
- Calochilus russeus D.L.Jones - reddish beard orchid (N.S.W.)
- Calochilus sandrae D.L.Jones - brownish beard orchid (N.S.W.)
- Calochilus stramenicola D.L.Jones - wandoo beard orchid (W.A.)
- Calochilus therophilus D.L.Jones - late beard orchid (Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.)
- Calochilus uliginosus D.L.Jones - swamp beard orchid (W.A.)
See also
References
- ^ ISBN 9780646562322.
- ^ )
- ^ Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
- ^ a b Bernhardt, Peter. "Genus Calochilus". Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney: plantnet. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
- ^ a b "Calochilus". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria:Vicflora. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
- ^ "Calochilus". State Herbarium of South Australia:efloraSA. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
- ^ "Calochilus". APNI. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
- ^ Brown, Robert (1810). Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae (Vol. 1). London. p. 320. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
- ISBN 9780980296457.
- ^ Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879). A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- ^ Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. Revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie.Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- ^ "Calochilus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
External links
- Media related to Calochilus at Wikimedia Commons