Campo troupial

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Campo troupial

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Icteridae
Genus: Icterus
Species:
I. jamacaii
Binomial name
Icterus jamacaii
(Gmelin, JF, 1788)

The campo troupial or campo oriole (Icterus jamacaii) is a species of

conspecific with the Venezuelan troupial and orange-backed troupial, it is now accepted as a separate species. It is a fairly common bird and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as a "least-concern species
".

Taxonomy

The campo troupial was

monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.[6] The genus name Icterus is from Greek ἴκτερος (íkteros, “jaundice”); the icterus was a bird the sight of which was believed to cure jaundice, perhaps the Eurasian golden oriole.[7] The specific name jamacaii comes from the name used for this species by Marcgrave. Additional names used for this species in the 1800s include black-banded troupiale, soffre, and (erroneously) Jamaica yellow bird.[8][9]

Description

The campo troupial is very similar in appearance to the

conspecific. It is a robust bird about 23 cm (9 in) long with a long tail and a broad beak. It is bright orange apart from a black hood and bib, back, wings and tail. There is an uneven line dividing the bib from the breast. It differs from the Venezuelan troupial in having only a small patch of white on its wings and hardly any bluish skin around its eye, and it has orange epaulettes on its shoulders whereas the Venezuelan bird does not. It could also be confused with the orange-backed troupial (Icterus croconotus), with which it was also once considered conspecific, but that species has an orange head apart from a patch of black on its forehead, a sharp dividing line between its bib and its breast, and rather more orange on its back.[10]

Distribution and habitat

The campo troupial is endemic to northeastern Brazil, where its area of occurrence is estimated to be over 2,000,000 square kilometres (770,000 sq mi).[1] It typically inhabits dry scrubland and deciduous woodland, at elevations up to 700 m (2,300 ft) or more. The ranges of the Venezuelan troupial, the campo troupial and the orange-backed troupial do not overlap.[10]

Behaviour

The diet consists of insects and other small invertebrates, fruits and nectar; one individual was found to have 126 fly larvae in its stomach.[11] Breeding takes place during the wet season, between December and March.[11]

Status

The campo troupial is a fairly common bird with a wide range and the population seems to be stable. For these reasons, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Icterus jamacaii.
  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22724120A132026482.en
    . Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1788). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 391.
  3. ^ Marcgrave, Georg (1648). Historia Naturalis Brasiliae: Liber Quintus: Qui agit de Avibus (in Latin). Lugdun and Batavorum (London and Leiden): Franciscum Hackium and Elzevirium. p. 198.
  4. ^ Garcia, Rodolpho (1929). "Nomes de Aves em lingua Tupi". Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. 5: 1–54.
  5. ^ Jobling, James A. "jamacaii". The Key to Scientific Names. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  6. Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Oropendolas, orioles, blackbirds"
    . IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  7. ^ "Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short: A Latin Dictionary (1879)". Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  8. ^ Studer, Jacob Henry (October 2, 1878). "Studer's Popular Ornithology ..." J.H. Studer & Company – via Google Books.
  9. ISBN 9783752398700
    – via Google Books.
  10. ^
    ISBN 978-0-292-71748-0
    .
  11. ^ a b Fraga, R (2017). "Campo Troupial (Icterus jamacaii)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
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