Cantonese poetry
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Cantonese poetry (
Relation to Middle Chinese literature
Among extant
Lingnan school of poetry
Zhang Jiuling (Jyutping: Zoeng1 gau2 ling4; Traditional Chinese: 張九齢) was a poet of the Tang dynasty, and he was born and raised in what is modern-day Guangdong.[8] Twelve of his poems were listed in Three Hundred Tang Poems, a compilation of the finest works of Tang poetry. He has been considered the earliest Cantonese poet, although Yue Chinese had not yet fully formed at that time. In the centuries that followed, there have been numerous poets of varying levels of prominence from the area of Guangdong, resulting in the formation of Lingnan school of poetry (Jyutping: Ling5 naam4 si1 paai3; Traditional Chinese: 嶺南詩派), named after Lingnan, the region covering the modern provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi. Stylistically, this school has been noted for having two streams of poetry. On one hand, there were poets like Zhang Jiuling, who preferred to follow royal standards at that time, while poets like Shao Ye (Jyutping: Siu6 kit3; Traditional Chinese: 邵謁) composed poems marked by little use of rhetoric. Both streams, however, composed poetry using classical Chinese grammars - while these poems still tend to use Cantonese phonology, they certainly do not sound like everyday Cantonese speech. Aside from this, this school is noted for maintaining Middle Chinese pronunciations for Chinese characters, involving imagery unique to the Lingnan region, and a spirit of revolution. This style has been described as "magnificent and vigorous" (Jyutping: Hung4 zik6; Traditional Chinese: 雄直).[9]
In terms of formats, the Lingnan school of poetry is largely similar to poems composed by other Han Chinese groups.
Ming Dynasty development
The term "Lingnan school of poetry" was first coined by the
Vernacular Cantonese poetry
Cantonese poetry saw further development in the late 19th century, where the Cantonese poet Liu Entao (Jyutping: Liu6 jan1 tou4; Traditional Chinese: 廖恩燾; 1863–1954) composed poetry in vernacular Cantonese — poems that actually sound like everyday Cantonese speech. His works have seen a rise in popularity in recent years, compiled in the "Play and smile collection". (Jyutping: Hei1 siu3 zaap6; Traditional Chinese: 嬉笑集).[12]
Recent development
Since the 21st century, Cantonese people have started studying their own style of poetry in great depth. A compilation entitled "All Cantonese poems" (Jyutping: Cyun4 jyut6 si1; Traditional Chinese: 全粵詩) has been produced to compile works of past Cantonese poets. Currently, it spans 30 volumes and is yet to be completed.[13][14]
See also
References
- ^ 廣東話趣味多唸詩讀出古韻
- ^ Lam, L. (2010). Cultural Identity and Vocal Expression: The Southern School Tradition of Poetry Chanting in Contemporary Guangzhou. Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews, 23-52.
- ISBN 3-89586-543-5.
- ^ Chen, M., & Newman, J. (1984). From Middle Chinese to Modern Cantonese (Part I). Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 12(1), 148-97.
- ^ Chen, M. Y., & Newman, J. (1984). FROM MIDDLE CHINESE TO MODERN CANTONESE (Part 2). Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 334-388.
- ^ Chen, M. Y., & Newman, J. (1985). FROM MIDDLE CHINESE TO MODERN CANTONESE (Part 3). Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 122-170.
- ^ 為什麼有時候普通話讀詩詞不押韻,而用粵語讀卻很有味道?
- ^ 植木久行. (1990). 唐代詩人生卒年論拠考三題: 張九齢・李益・張説.
- ^ 黄坤尧. (2012). “岭南诗派” 相对论. 学术研究, (3), 124-126.
- ^ 陈永正. (1999). 岭南诗派略论. 岭南文史, 3, 002.
- ^ 何天杰. (2007). 岭南三家与清初诗坛格局之新变. 学术研究, (4), 150-154.
- ^ "粵典文庫-嬉笑集". Archived from the original on 2017-09-26. Retrieved 2017-09-26.
- ^ 《全粤诗》充分证明广东有文化
- ^ 《全粤诗》所收诗作将超过《全唐诗》