Carbon dichalcogenide

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Carbon dichalcogenides (also known as Methanedichalcones) are chemical compounds of carbon and chalcogen elements. They have the general chemical formula CZ2, where Z = O, S, Se, Te.[1][2]

This includes:

  • Carbon dioxide, CO2
  • Carbon disulfide, CS2
  • Carbon diselenide, CSe2
  • Carbonyl sulfide, OCS
  • Carbonyl selenide, OCSe
  • Thiocarbonyl selenide, SCSe
  • Thiocarbonyl telluride, SCTe[1]

Stability

Double bonds between carbon and chalcogen elements, C=Z, become weaker the heavier the chalcogen, Z. This trend means carbon dichalcogenide monomers are less stable and more susceptible to polymerisation as Z changes from O to Te. For example, CO2 is stable, CS2 polymerises under extreme conditions, CSe2 tends to polymerise, CSeTe is unstable and CTe2 does not exist.[1] This trend is an example of the double bond rule.

Bonding

In carbon dichalcogenides, C=O bond lengths are around 1.16 Å, C=S around 1.56 Å, C=Se around 1.70 Å and C=Te around 1.90 Å.[3]

Carbon–chalcogen double bond lengths in carbon dichalcogenides, Z=C=Z′
Species Formula Z Z′ Bond Bond in molecule Bond length / Å Method of determination Reference
Carbon dioxide CO2 O O C=O O=C=O 1.163 infrared spectroscopy [1][3][4]
Carbonyl sulfide OCS O S C=O S=C=O 1.158 microwave spectroscopy [5]
Carbonyl selenide OCSe O Se C=O Se=C=O 1.159 microwave spectroscopy [3]
Carbonyl sulfide OCS O S C=S O=C=S 1.560 microwave spectroscopy [5]
Carbon disulfide CS2 S S C=S S=C=S 1.553 infrared spectroscopy [5]
Thiocarbonyl selenide SCSe S Se C=S Se=C=S 1.553 microwave spectroscopy [5]
Thiocarbonyl telluride SCTe S Te C=S Te=C=S 1.557 microwave spectroscopy [3][5][6]
Carbonyl selenide OCSe O Se C=Se O=C=Se 1.709 microwave spectroscopy [5]
Thiocarbonyl selenide SCSe S Se C=Se S=C=Se 1.693 microwave spectroscopy [5]
Carbon diselenide CSe2 Se Se C=Se Se=C=Se 1.689 neutron diffraction [7]
Thiocarbonyl telluride SCTe S Te C=Te S=C=Te 1.904 microwave spectroscopy [3][5][6]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
    .
  2. ISBN 978-0-13-175553-6
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-965763-6
    .
  4. doi:10.6028/jres.055.019
    .
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-1439880500
    .
  6. ^
    doi:10.1103/PhysRev.95.385
    .
  7. doi:10.1107/S0108270183007015
    .
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