Charles R. Cross (physicist)

Charles R. Cross
Portrait of Cross by H. R. Burdick (1925)
Born	March 29, 1848 Troy, New York, U.S.
Died	November 16, 1921 (1921-11-17) (aged 73) Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S.
Education	Putnam Free School (1865) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, B.S. (1870)
3rd Chair of the Physics Department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
In office 1877–1917
Preceded by	Edward Pickering
Succeeded by	Edwin Bidwell Wilson

Charles Robert Cross (March 29, 1848 – November 16, 1921) was an American physicist and chair of the physics department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1877 to 1917.

Biography

Cross was born March 29, 1848, in

In 1882, Cross developed and taught the first course in electrical engineering in the country. He instructed on telegraphy, telephony, and dynamo electric machinery. He taught this course until 1902, when he established the Department of Electrical Engineering. In 1900, Cross established a course in electrochemistry, the first in the United States. In 1913, he established a course in industrial physics.^[1][2]

Cross was an authority on acoustics and musical pitch as well as the studies of telephony. He was the leading scientific expert of the Bell Telephone Company. Cross was also a lecturer on experimental physics. He lectured on subjects such as electric waves, wireless telegraphy, radioactivity, and polarized light at MIT and on light, sound, electricity at the Lowell Institute.^[2]

Cross was a member of numerous academic associations, institutes, and societies. He was a fellow of the

Cross married Mariana Pike in 1873 (1847–1900) and had one son, Charles Robert Cross Jr. (1881–1915) who died in France during World War I. Cross died November 16, 1921, at his Pill Hill home in Brookline, Massachusetts.^[2]

Publications

• On The Focal Length of Microscopic Objectives (1870)
• Course in Elementary Physics (1873)
• Experiments with the Thermal Telephone (1885)
• Experiments on the Melting Platinum Standard of Light (1886)
• The Inverse Electromotive Force of the Voltaic Arc (1886) with William E. Shepard
• Notes on Equal Temperament and the Character of Musical Keys (1886)
• Researches on Microphone Currents (1889) with Annie Ware Sabine
• The Extent of the Excursion of the Electrodes of a Microphone Transmitter (1890)
• Some Considerations Regarding Helmholtz's Theory of Consonance (1891) with Harry M. Goodwin
• Least Number of Vibrations Necessary to Determine Pitch (1892) with Margaret Eliza Maltby
• An Investigation of the Excursion of the Diaphragm of a Telephone Receiver (1893) with Arthur N. Mansfield and The Excursion of the Diaphragm of a Telephone Receiver (1893) with Henry M. Phillips
• Experiments with the Phonograph Relating to the Vowel Theory of Helmholtz (1893) with George V. Wendell
• Historical Notes Relating to Musical Pitch in the United States (1900)
• Notes on Mechanics (1911)
• Biographical Memoir of James Mason Crafts, 1839–1917 (1919)

References