Child harvesting

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the systematic sale of human children. For the practice of accepting custody of an infant or child in exchange for payment, see baby farming.
In 1904, Elizabeth Ashmead of Philadelphia was arrested, along with several of her associates, and charged with running a "baby farm".

Child harvesting or baby harvesting refers to the systematic sale of

developed world, but sometimes for other purposes, including trafficking
. The term covers a wide variety of situations and degrees of economic, social, and physical coercion. Child harvesting programs or the locations at which they take place are sometimes referred to as baby factories or baby farms.

Markets

Child harvesting typically refers to situations where children are sold for adoption but may also refer to situations in which children are trafficked to provide

slave labor.[1][2] It is particularly associated with and prevalent in some international adoption markets.[3][4][5]

Infants who are trafficked are often eventually forced to work in

sex workers.[1][2] There have been a very few allegations of some child harvesting programs that provide infants to be tortured or sacrificed in black magic or witchcraft rituals.[6][7][8] Nigerian security agents have uncovered a series of alleged baby factories in recent years, notably in the southeastern part of the country populated by the Igbos.[citation needed
]

Human trafficking is widespread in west Africa, where children are bought from their families to work in plantations, mines, and factories or as domestic help.[citation needed]

Others are sold into prostitution and less commonly they are tortured or sacrificed in black magic rituals.[9] Human trafficking, including selling children, is prohibited under Nigerian law, but almost 10 years ago a UNESCO report on human trafficking in Nigeria identified the business as the country’s third-most common crime behind financial fraud and drug trafficking, and the situation certainly has not improved. At least 10 children are reportedly sold every day across the country.[citation needed]

Sources

Pregnant women may face economic or social duress, or, less commonly, outright coercion to give up their newborns.[10] There are rare reports of women who are not yet pregnant being impregnated to produce infants for sale.[11]

Baby farms have been reported in India,[12] Nigeria,[13] Guatemala,[14] Thailand[15] and Egypt.[16]

Nigeria

Child harvesting in Nigeria is a subset of

in vitro fertilization, assisted reproductive technology, or adoption through social services.[18]

The majority of the women whose children are sold are young unmarried women from lower-income households who are scared of social stigmatization as a result of an unwanted teenage pregnancy. Some of the young girls come to the baby factory after searching for abortion clinics, though others have been kidnapped.

Anambra.[18]

The first publicly reported case of a baby factory was published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (

Aba, Abia, in a hospital of The Cross Foundation;[6][8][1] in October, seventeen pregnant women (thirty according to some sources[21][22]) were found in Ihiala, Anambra, in a hospital of the Iheanyi Ezuma Foundation.[7][23] Five more baby factories were discovered in 2013, and eight more were discovered in 2015.[18] Infertile women are noted to be major patrons of these baby factories due to the stigmatization of childless couples in Southern Nigeria and issues around cultural acceptability of surrogacy and adoption. These practices have contributed to the growth in the industry which results in physical, psychological, and sexual violence to the victims.[citation needed
]

Methods

Baby factories

Poor mothers in Kenya have also used illegal street clinics to deliver babies to be adopted by richer women for payment.[24] These are sometimes known as "baby factories".

While they can be voluntary, women can also be kidnapped to be forced into a baby factory. Baby factories in Nigeria have coerced or abducted women to be raped in order to sell their babies for adoption.[25][26]

Kidnapping rings

Organized rings in

homeless mothers. This is usually while the families are sleeping on the street but also through gaining the trust of the mother.[24]

Prevention

Tackling baby factories will involve a multifaceted approach that includes advocacy and enacting of legislation barring baby factories and infant trafficking and harsh consequences for their patrons. Also, programs to educate young girls on preventing unwanted pregnancies are needed. Methods of improving awareness and acceptability of adoption and reducing the administrative and legal bottlenecks associated with this option for infertile couples should be explored to diminish the importance of baby factories.[27]

See also

References

  1. ^
    Daily News
    , June 2, 2011
  2. ^ a b c Nigerian 'baby factory' raided, 32 teenage girls freed, AFP, Jun 1, 2011
  3. ABC Online
    . Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  4. ^ "International Baby Harvesting and Adoption-Abduction". adoption-articles.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-24. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
  5. ^ Press, Berkeley Electronic. "SelectedWorks – David M. Smolin". works.bepress.com.
  6. ^ a b Nigeria 'baby farm' girls rescued by Abia state police, BBC, June 1, 2011
  7. ^ a b Nigerian baby factory raided Archived 2016-05-27 at the Wayback Machine, News24, October 16, 2011
  8. ^ a b Nigerian 'baby farm' raided – 32 pregnant girls rescued, The Guardian, June 2, 2011
  9. ^ "Child harvesting/ Baby factories". June 2013.
  10. The Huffington Post
    , February 24, 2011
  11. ^ Tuckman, Jo (13 March 2007). "£700 for a child? Guatemalan 'baby factory' deals in misery and hope". The Guardian. p. 25.
  12. ^ "India: Cops bust 'baby farm' where you can buy an infant for $1,400 – Crime – Dunya News".
  13. ^ Smith, David (2 June 2011). "Nigerian 'baby farm' raided – 32 pregnant girls rescued". The Guardian.
  14. ^ Tuckman, Jo (14 March 2007). "£700 for a child? Guatemalan 'baby factory' deals in misery and hope". The Guardian.
  15. ^ "Thai Police Free 14 Women From Illegal Baby-Breeding Farm In Bangkok". Huffington Post. 24 February 2011.
  16. ^ "Egypt Police Bust Baby Trafficking Ring". news.com.au.
  17. ^ Eseadi, C., Ikechukwu-Ilomuanya, A. B., Achagh, W., & Ogbuabor, S. E. (2015). Prevalence of baby factory in Nigeria: An emergent form of child abuse, trafficking and molestation of women. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Methods, 2(1), 1–12.
  18. ^ a b c d e Makinde OA, Olaleye O, Makinde OO, Huntley SS, Brown B. (July 2015). Baby Factories in Nigeria: Starting the Discussion Toward a National Prevention Policy. Trauma Violence Abuse [Internet]. (cited July 24, 2015)
  19. Fox News
    , November 15, 2008
  20. ^ 32 teens freed in Nigeria "baby factory" raid, CBS News, June 2, 2011
  21. ^ Police Arrest 30 Pregnant Teenagers, Proprietor At Anambra Motherless Home, 247ureports, October 15, 2011
  22. ^ Police arrest 30 pregnant teenagers, others at motherless babies home Archived 2013-09-16 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, October 16, 2011
  23. ^ 17 pregnant teenagers arrested in Anambra baby factory, The Nation, October 15, 2011
  24. ^ a b "The baby stealers". BBC News. 15 November 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  25. ^ "Nigeria 'baby factory' raided in Lagos". BBC News. 26 April 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  26. ^ "Nigerian's battle to keep her baby". BBC News. 26 September 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  27. S2CID 9985947
    .

External links
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