Chindaka Naga
Chindaka Nagas of Chakrakota | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c. 1023 AD–c. 1324 AD | |||||||||
Capital | Barasur | ||||||||
Religion | Hinduism | ||||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
Maharaja (King) | |||||||||
• c. 1023 | Nrupati Bhushana | ||||||||
• c. 1324 | Harishchandradeva | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | c. 1023 AD | ||||||||
• Disestablished | c. 1324 AD | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | India |
The Chindaka Nagas were a dynasty that ruled over parts of modern-day
Origin
The Chindaka Nagas belonged to
The Nagas are believed by certain historians to have arrived in the Chakrakota Mandala region (
Historian Hira Lal Shukla is of the opinion that the
However, historian Shiv Kumar Tiwari believes that the Nagas ruled in the Bastar region of Chhattisgarh since as early as 760 A.D. His take of historical events from the Nava-sahasanka-charita epic poem is as follows- the Naga ruler of Bastar, Sankhapala, sought help from the Shilahara ruler Aparajita when the ruler of the Mana tribe invaded his kingdom.[1]
History
The Chindaka Nagas ruled over parts of the modern-day
The Telugu Chodas who migrated to the region, settled as their feudal rulers.[8] Chandraditya Maharaja, a Telugu Choda chieftain, was a mahamandalashwara (an Indian feudal title) and ruler of Ammagama (modern Ambogam village in Kotapad) was a feudatory of Jagadeka Bhushana.[4]
The Bhanjas of Boudh branch came into conflict with the Chindaka Nagas. In 1060 AD, the Bhanja king Yasobhanja defeated and killed Jagadeka Bhushana. Taking advantage of the power vacuum, Madhurantaka, a close relative of the dead king usurped the throne. However, Somesvara the son of Jagadeka Bhushana claimed the throne as well, leading to a civil war in Chakrakota lasting for 5 years. Kulottunga I, the Chola emperor supported Madhurantaka while the Chola's archrivals, the Chalukyas of Kalyana, supported Somesvara in the struggle. Subsequently, Madhurantaka was killed and Somesvara assumed kingship of Chakrakota.[4] According to N.K. Sahu, Somesvara was the most powerful ruler of the Chindaka Nagas.[9]
Somasvera warred with the declining Somavamshi dynasty who were ruling in Utkala and Kosala at the time. Yosoraja I , the father of Chandraditya Maharaja and Telugucoda lieutenant of Chindaka Naga king Somesvara conquered the eastern parts of Kosala which were under the Somavamshi dynasty in 1069 AD. Yosoraja I then served as the governor of Kosala for Somesvara.[10] In his Kuruspal inscription, Somesvara claimed to have raided the Vengi Kingdom, subjugated the Mana tribe, and declared to have defeated the Udra chief (Somavamshi king) and captured six lakh and ninety-six villages of Dakshina Kosala (central Chhattisgarh) from him.[2][1][11] Historian Shiv Kumar Tiwari believes that the conquest of Dakshina Kosala by Somesvara is likely an exaggeration and that he only held a small part of that territory for a short period.[1]
The Somavamsis, who had declined, began serving Eastern Gangas, Kalachuri and Chindaka Nagas as chieftains.[11] The Chindaka Naga rulers called themselves as Nagavamsi and the lords of Bhogavati. Bhogavati was the capital of the mythical snake-demons called Nagas.[1][12]
The Chindaka Nagas were defeated by the Kakatiya vassal of Someshvara I, the Chalukya emperor.[13] This dynasty continued to rule the region till the thirteenth century with not many details known about their rulers excepting a few.[14]
Decline
The
During the struggle between the
During the first half of 13th century, Chakrakota was invaded by Kholeshvara, the general of
Coat of arms
The Naga kings' coat of arms included a snake banner and the "tiger-with-cub" crest.[1]
List of rulers
The Chindaka Naga rulers known from inscriptions (dated to regnal years) are-[2][1]
- Nrupati Bhushana (c. 1023 – ?)
- Jagadeka Bhushana or Dharavarsha
- Madhurantaka (1060-1069)
- Somesvara (c. 1069 - ?)
- Kanhara I
- Raja Bhushana
- Kanhara II
- Jagadeka Bhushana Narasimhadeva
- Somesvara II
- Harishchandradeva (c. 1324 - ?)
See also
References
- ^ ISBN 9788176252997.
- ^ a b c DASIA, Z. A. (August 1907). EPIGRAPHIA INDICA VOL IX (in Portuguese). MANAGER OF PUBLICATIONS,DELHI.
- ^ ISBN 978-81-7018-239-9.
- ^ a b c d e Orissa District Gazetteers: Kalahandi.
- ^ Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat, Concise history of Karnatakakaushik, 2001, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002)
- ISBN 978-81-87661-50-4.
- ^ "Central Provinces District Gazetter- Chanda". Gazetteers- Maharashtra Government.
- ^ "Odisha District Gazeteers, Nabarangpur" (PDF). www.gopabandhuacademy.gov.in. p. 41. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
- ^ Sahu, N. K. (1981). History of Orissa. Nalanda.
- ^ a b Patnaik, Jeeban Kumar. "Temples of South Kosala 6th century A D 11th century A D a case study of stellate temples-Chapter II: Historical background of South Kosala" (PDF). Shodaganga Inflibnet. Shodaganga Inflibnet.
- ^ a b Panda, Harihar. "Princely State of Gangpur" (PDF). Magazines Odisha. Magazines Odisha.
- JSTOR 44252377.
- ^ Chopra, Ravindran and Subrahmanian (2003), p.138
- ^ "Odisha District Gazeteers, Nabarangpur" (PDF). www.gopabandhuacademy.gov.in. p. 41. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
- ^ Mirashi, Vasudev Vishnu (1955). Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era. Government Epigraphist for India.
- ^ Click, Samachar Just (22 October 2020). Manikyadevi Manikeshwari: A Goddess who exemplifies cultural assimilation.
- ISBN 978-1175755339. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
- ^ Shastri, Ajay Mitra. Yadava Inscriptions from Ambe Jogai. Vishveshvaranand Institute; Hoshiarpur. pp. 40–46.