Citrus rootstock

Citrus rootstock are plants used as

Principal rootstocks

sour orange

rootstock.

Sour orange: the only rootstock that truly is an orange
(the Citrus × aurantium or bitter orange). It is vigorous and highly drought-resistant.

Phytophthora parasitica (root rot), and grows well in loam soil. Among its disadvantages are its slow growth—it is the slowest growing rootstock—and its poor resistance to heat and drought. It is primarily used in China, Japan, and areas of California with heavy soils.^[1]

Troyer
polyembryonic, so growers can obtain multiple plants from a single seed. Citrange, however, does not do well in clay, calcareous or high-pH soils, and is sensitive to salinity. It is not feasible as rootstock for mandarin scions, as it overgrows them by producing branches of its own in competition with the grafted budwood.^[3] Citranges are hybrids of the Washington navel orange and the Poncirus trifoliata. The original crosses, made in the early 1900s by the U.S. Department of Agriculture with the intention of producing cold tolerant scion varieties, were later identified as suitable for use as rootstocks. The commercial use of these rootstocks began in Australia
in the 1960s. The Troyer variety generally is found in California, while the Carrizo variety is used in Florida.

calcareous soil, a typical trait of land that has been under water.^[4] The Cleopatra mandarin, originated in India and introduced into Florida from Jamaica in the mid-nineteenth century, has been distributed and tested as a rootstock throughout the world. Nowadays, however, it is considered an inferior rootstock because it is sensitive to many diseases, grows slowly, and is difficult to propagate.^[5]

African shaddock X trifoliate hybrid [6]
Benton citrange trifoliate hybrid^[6]
Borneo Rangpur lime^[6]
Bitters C-22
USDA Date and Citrus Station in Indio, California, and developed further by the University of California, Riverside. It is used primarily as rootstock for navel oranges in California. In 2009, a report suggested it also may be useful to replace sour orange rootstock for grapefruit in Texas because it is tolerant of calcareous soil.^[7]^[8] Its name is not related to the bitter orange: it was named after Willard Paul Bitters, emeritus professor of Horticulture and a curator of the Citrus Variety Collection
.

^ "Poncirus trifoliata" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-02-21.
^ Dr Price, Martin. "Citrus Propagation and Rootstocks". ultimatecitrus.com. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
^ "Troyer & Carrizo citrange" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-02-21.
^ SL 183/TR004: Calcareous Soils In Miami-Dade County. Edis.ifas.ufl.edu (2009-07-10). Retrieved on 2011-10-02.
^ "Cleopatra mandarin" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-02-21.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai Citrus Variety Collection, University of California Riverside, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences http://citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/rootstocks.html.
^ bittersC22. Citrusvariety.ucr.edu. Retrieved on 2011-10-02.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Summary of Rootstock Trials (Roose program)" (PDF). Plantbiology.ucr.edu. 12 May 2009.