City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
Johannesburg | |
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City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality | |
UTC+2 (SAST ) | |
Municipal code | JHB |
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseGoli) is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%.
Johannesburg is a divided city: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle- and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the central and north. As of 2012, unemployment is near 25% and most young people are out of work.[3] Around 20% of the city lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service.
History
Following the end of the
The government of Johannesburg's metropolitan area evolved over a seven-year period from 1993, when no metropolitan government existed under apartheid, to the establishment in December 2000 of today's Metropolitan Municipality. An "interim phase" commenced with the
1995 and the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Council
The new post-apartheid administration was the "Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Council" (GJMC), also known as the "Transitional Metropolitan Council", created in 1995.
However, the new post-apartheid City Council ran into problems in part due to inexperienced management and political pressure, which contributed to over-ambitious revenue projections, over-spending, wasted expenditures and out-right fraud.[5] In the newly combined metropole services were unnecessarily duplicated. But, by far, the biggest financial drain was the failure to collect revenues for services, which ranged from rent (rates) to utilities. Part of this failure was a result of the anti-apartheid boycott of paying the government.[9][7]
In 1999, Johannesburg appointed a city manager to reshape the city's ailing financial situation.[9][10] The manager, together with the Municipal Council, drew up a blueprint called "iGoli 2002". This was a restructuring plan to be completed in 2002, that called upon the government to sell non-core assets, restructure certain utilities, and required that all others become self-sufficient. The plan was strongly opposed by unions who feared a loss of jobs.
2000 and the new Metropolitan Municipality
In 1999 the Municipal Demarcation Board conducted a study of metropolitan areas and other large councils, and found that Johannesburg should be declared as a "category A" municipality.[11] The following Local Government Municipal Systems Act no. 32 of 2000 replaced the GJMC, its four MLCs and also the neighbouring Midrand Local Authority, with the new "City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality" from 6 December 2000.[12][13] The iGoli 2002 plan went into effect and returned some sectors into "cash cows" that helped support the city in general.[14] Although some jobs were lost, there were no mass firings, as agencies used attrition to remove excess staff.[15] The plan took the city from near insolvency[10] to an operating surplus of R 153 million (US$23.6 million).[9]
Following the relative success of iGoli 2002, the city undertook a number of initiatives both to help equalise municipal services benefits, such as the water utility's Free Basic Water policy, and to curb fraud and increase payment percentages, such as the water utility's Operation Gcin'amanzi to repipe areas to eliminate siphonage and to install water meters for excess use.[16]
For the first six years the city was administered in eleven numbered regions, which were: "Region 1": Diepsloot, Kya Sand; "Region 2": Midrand, Ivory Park; "Region 3": Sandton, Rosebank, Fourways, Sunninghill, Woodmead, Strijdom Park; "Region 4": Northcliff, Rosebank, Parktown; "Region 5": Roodepoort, Northgate, Constantia Kloof; "Region 6": Doornkop, Soweto, Dobsonville, Protea Glen; "Region 7": Alexandra, Wynberg, Bruma; "Region 8": Inner City (Johannesburg CBD); "Region 9": Johannesburg South, South Gate, Aeroton, City Deep; "Region 10": Diepkloof, Meadowlands; "Region 11": Ennerdale, Orange Farm, Lenasia.[17]
2006 reorganisation
The present day City of Johannesburg was created from eleven existing local authorities, seven of which were white and four
Nonetheless, according to the opposition party, fraud, theft and non-payment still remained problems as of 2013[update].[19] In fiscal year 2011, the city's audit had R 45,796 million chalked up to fraudulent activities.[20] In 2013, the city admitted that it would be unable to collect two-thirds of the R 18 billion in outstanding billings.[21]
The first undertaking of the newly created City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, as mapped out by the "Igoli 2002" plan, was to restructure Metro Gas, Rand Airport, and some sports stadiums as stand-alone corporate entities. The city bus service, the Johannesburg Zoo, the Civic Theatre, the Fresh Produce Market, and the city's property holdings were turned into corporations with the city as the single shareholder. Each was run as a business, with management hired on performance contracts.
In 2010–11, the municipality faced a qualified audit from the
Geography
The municipality covers an area of 1,645 square kilometres (635 sq mi), stretching from Orange Farm in the south to Midrand in the north, and contains two big urban centres, Johannesburg and Midrand, and nine more smaller urban centres, namely Roodepoort, Diepsloot, Killarney, Melrose Arch, Randburg, Rosebank, Sandton, Soweto, and Sunninghill.[11]: 62, 24
Main places
The
Place | Code | Population | Area (km2) | Most spoken languages |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alexandra |
798014 | 179,624 | 6.91 | Zulu 26%, Pedi 23%, Tsonga 11%, Xhosa 9%, Tswana 9%, Sotho 7%, Venda 4% |
Chartwell | 798011 | 1,728 | 9.07 | English 50%, Afrikaans 10%, Zulu 9%, foreign languages 7%, Ndebele 7% |
City of Johannesburg (non-urban) | 798002 | 9,933 | 289.84 | English 15%, Zulu 14%, Sotho 12%, Afrikaans 11%, Tswana 10%, Xhosa 8%, Pedi 8%, foreign languages 5%, Tsonga 4%, Venda 4% |
Dainfern | 798012 | 6,601 | 4.08 | English 65%, foreign languages 15%, Afrikaans 4%, Zulu 4% |
Diepsloot | 798003 | 138,329 | 12.00 | Pedi 22%, Zulu 19%, Tsonga 10%, Ndebele 10%, Venda 9%, Tswana 7%, Xhosa 5%, foreign languages 4%, Sotho 4% |
Drie Ziek |
798035 | 35,622 | 7.53 | Zulu 42%, Sotho 28%, Xhosa 8%, Tsonga 7% |
Ebony Park | 798007 | 22,309 | 1.63 | Pedi 29%, Zulu 23%, Tswana 7%, Tsonga 7%, Xhosa 6%, Sotho 6%, Ndebele 4%, English 4% |
Ennerdale |
798033 | 71,815 | 21.33 | Afrikaans 19%, English 18%, Zulu 17%, Sotho 16%, Xhosa 8%, Tsonga 5%, Tswana 5% |
Farmall | 798017 | 1,051 | 5.01 | English 47%, Afrikaans 12%, foreign languages 9%, Zulu 7%, Pedi 5%, Tswana 4%, Ndebele 4% |
Itsoseng | 798021 | 5,243 | 0.58 | Pedi 22%, Venda 15%, Tswana 13%, Zulu 11%, Ndebele 7%, Sotho 7%, Tsonga 7%, English 4%, foreign languages 4%, Xhosa 4% |
Ivory Park | 798006 | 184,383 | 9.21 | Pedi 23%, Tsonga 22%, Zulu 21%, Xhosa 7%, foreign languages 5%, Ndebele 5%, Sotho 4% |
Johannesburg | 798015 | 957,441 | 334.81 | English 31%, Zulu 19%, Afrikaans 12%, foreign languages 7%, Xhosa 5%, Ndebele 4%, Sotho 4%, Pedi 4%, Tswana 4%, Tsonga 3%, Venda 1% |
Kaalfontein | 798005 | 46,147 | 4.96 | Pedi 30%, Zulu 21%, Tsonga 10%, Xhosa 8%, foreign languages 5%, Sotho 5%, Ndebele 5%, Tswana 4% |
Kagiso | 798024 | 5,182 | 0.57 | Tswana 33%, Zulu 17%, Xhosa 11%, Sotho 9%, Tsonga 8%, Venda 5%, Pedi 4% |
Kanana Park | 798039 | 21,005 | 6.82 | Zulu 35%, Xhosa 22%, Sotho 20%, Tsonga 5% |
Lakeside | 798037 | 23,503 | 3.78 | Sotho 48%, Zulu 30%, Xhosa 8% |
Lanseria |
798019 | 4,788 | 1.83 | Pedi 19%, Tswana 15%, Zulu 15%, Tsonga 10%, Venda 8%, English 7%, Sotho 6%, Xhosa 6%, Ndebele 5% |
Lawley |
798038 | 33,136 | 6.09 | Zulu 28%, Sotho 20%, Tsonga 13%, Xhosa 8%, English 5%, Tswana 5%, Pedi 4%, Venda 4%, Afrikaans 4% |
Lehae | 798029 | 13,380 | 3.50 | Zulu 42%, Sotho 13%, Tsonga 12%, Xhosa 10%, Tswana 5% |
Lenasia | 798028 | 89,714 | 20.28 | English 55%, Zulu 8%, Tswana 8%, Sotho 6%, Xhosa 4%, foreign languages 4%, Afrikaans 4% |
Lenasia South | 798032 | 37,110 | 13.98 | English 53%, Zulu 12%, Sotho 8%, Xhosa 5%, Tswana 5% |
Lucky 7 | 798020 | 0 | 0.11 | n. a. |
Malatjie | 798001 | 2,321 | 0.18 | Pedi 23%, Tswana 13%, Zulu 12%, Venda 12%, Ndebele 9%, Tsonga 7%, Sotho 6%, foreign languages 5%, Xhosa 4% |
Mayibuye | 798009 | 22,178 | 1.16 | Pedi 24%, Zulu 18%, Xhosa 15%, Tsonga 9%, Ndebele 9%, foreign languages 7%, Sotho 4% |
Midrand | 798004 | 87,387 | 152.87 | English 50%, Zulu 10%, Afrikaans 6%, foreign languages 5%, Xhosa 5%, Tswana 5%, Pedi 4%, Sotho 4% |
Millgate Farm | 798018 | 172 | 0.88 | n. a. |
Orange Farm | 798034 | 76,767 | 12.16 | Zulu 44%, Sotho 29%, Xhosa 9%, Tsonga 4% |
Poortjie | 798040 | 11,153 | 2.43 | Sotho 38%, Zulu 19%, Xhosa 18%, Tsonga 9%, Tswana 5% |
Rabie Ridge | 798008 | 41,204 | 3.33 | Pedi 32%, Zulu 16%, Tsonga 9%, Afrikaans 8%, Xhosa 8%, Sotho 5%, Tswana 4%, Ndebele 4% |
Randburg | 798016 | 337,053 | 167.98 | English 52%, Afrikaans 17%, Zulu 6%, foreign languages 5%, Tswana 4% |
Randfontein | 798027 | 0 | 9.19 | n. a. |
Rietfontein | 798023 | 196 | 2.17 | n. a. |
Roodepoort | 798022 | 326,416 | 161.50 | English 29%, Afrikaans 23%, Zulu 9%, Tswana 8%, Pedi 4%, Xhosa 4%, Sotho 4%, foreign languages 3%, Venda 3% |
Sandton | 798013 | 222,415 | 143.54 | English 63%, Afrikaans 7%, Zulu 6%, foreign languages 6% |
Soweto | 798026 | 1,271,628 | 200.03 | Zulu 37%, Sotho 15%, Tswana 12%, Tsonga 8%, Pedi 5%, Venda 4%, English 2%, Ndebele 1%, Afrikaans 1%, foreign languages 1% |
Stretford | 798036 | 61,141 | 7.38 | Zulu 39%, Sotho 34%, Xhosa 9%, Tsonga 4% |
Tshepisong | 798025 | 53,260 | 6.56 | Zulu 26%, Tswana 22%, Xhosa 12%, Tsonga 12%, Sotho 9%, Pedi 5%, Venda 5% |
Vlakfontein | 798031 | 27,291 | 4.63 | Zulu 38%, Sotho 17%, Tsonga 10%, Xhosa 9%, Tswana 6%, Pedi 4% |
Zakariyya Park | 798030 | 6,200 | 1.96 | English 34%, Zulu 20%, Sotho 9%, Tswana 6%, Xhosa 6%, Tsonga 5%, foreign languages 4% |
Zevenfontein | 798010 | 0 | 3.11 | n. a. |
Government
Each
Regions
The administration of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality was decentralised initially into eleven regions, named simply Region 1 to Region 11, which were largely unrelated to the 11 former apartheid administrations. The new numbered regions were subsequently consolidated, in the summer of 2006, to seven regions named Region A to Region G. The current regions are:[26][27]
- Region A - Diepsloot, Midrand and Ivory Park (previously Regions 1 and 2)
- Region B - Northcliff and parts of Sandton, Randburg and Rosebank (previously Region 4 and parts of Region 3)
- Region C - Roodepoort and parts of Randburg (previously, Region 5)
- Region D - Soweto, Doornkop, Diepkloof and Meadowlands (previously Regions 6 and 10)
- Region E - Alexandra and parts of Sandton and Rosebank (previously Region 7 and parts of Region 3)
- Region F - inner city and Johannesburg South (previously Regions 8 and 9)
- Region G - Ennerdale, Orange Farm, Lenasia, Eldorado Park and Protea. (previously Region 11)
Each region is operationally responsible for the delivery of health care, housing, sports and recreation, libraries, social development, and other local community-based services, and each region has a People's Centre where any city-related transaction can be dealt with. Residents can lodge complaints, report service problems, and perform council-related business more quickly.
Changes to the previous city structure
After the end of
Administration
The regions are no longer seen as part of the core administration, but instead take on a role as contractors to the central government. The relationship is similar to that of the larger utilities and agencies, such as City Power, and is designed to maximise efficiency.
The closeness of the new regional administrations with their communities enables them to be more responsive to differing local needs. For instance, the needs of a high-income commercial centre such as Sandton will be very different from the needs of a low-income area such as Orange Farm.
Local Integrated Development Plans
Local Integrated Development Plans (LIDPs) are plans for the development of a specific area. A LIDP guides a region's future development. For this reason, the LIDP zones closely follow the boundaries of the regions. However, in certain cases where suburbs are cut in half by the new region boundaries, the entire suburb may be covered in only one of the regions.
LIDPs deal with city development, management and growth over a five to 10-year period. While they deal with local issues, they take an integrated approach to issues such as transportation, housing and environmental management. An overall Metropolitan IDP looks at the bigger picture and ensures that LIDPs don't conflict or lead to wasted resources. LIDPs will be revised annually so as to respond to changing conditions both locally and at a city level.
City council
As of the August 2016 municipal elections, the municipal council consists of 270 City Councillors in Johannesburg elected by
Ward Councillors have more local responsibilities, including setting up Ward Committees in their wards to raise local issues, commenting on town planning and other local matters in their ward, and liaising with local ratepayers' and residents' associations. PR Councillors are usually allocated to more political tasks within their party structures and within the city.
Elections
In the election of 1 November 2021 the African National Congress (ANC) won the largest share of the seats on the council with 91 but once again did not achieve a majority. The DA won the speaker and mayoral position during the council meeting held on the 22 November 2021.
The following table shows the results of the 2021 election.[30][31][32]
City of Johannesburg local election, 1 November 2021 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Votes | Seats | ||||||
Ward | List | Total | % | Ward | List | Total | ||
African National Congress | 313,387 | 306,902 | 620,289 | 33.6 | 87 | 4 | 91 | |
Democratic Alliance | 247,533 | 235,120 | 482,653 | 26.1 | 43 | 28 | 71 | |
ActionSA | 128,986 | 167,359 | 296,345 | 16.1 | 0 | 44 | 44 | |
Economic Freedom Fighters | 102,751 | 93,412 | 196,163 | 10.6 | 0 | 29 | 29 | |
Patriotic Alliance
|
26,830 | 27,346 | 54,176 | 2.9 | 2 | 6 | 8 | |
Inkatha Freedom Party | 21,743 | 21,801 | 43,544 | 2.4 | 2 | 5 | 7 | |
Freedom Front Plus | 12,428 | 12,243 | 24,671 | 1.3 | 0 | 4 | 4 | |
African Christian Democratic Party | 9,999 | 9,469 | 19,468 | 1.1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
Al Jama-ah | 9,961 | 7,647 | 17,608 | 1.0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
Independent candidates
|
11,904 | – | 11,904 | 0.6 | 0 | – | 0 | |
African Independent Congress | 4,619 | 6,341 | 10,960 | 0.6 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
African Heart Congress | 4,341 | 3,938 | 8,279 | 0.4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Good | 3,684 | 3,089 | 6,773 | 0.4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
African Transformation Movement | 3,660 | 2,974 | 6,634 | 0.4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
United Democratic Movement | 2,291 | 2,218 | 4,509 | 0.2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Congress of the People | 2,297 | 1,779 | 4,076 | 0.2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania | 1,512 | 2,467 | 3,979 | 0.2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
United Independent Movement | 1,263 | 1,162 | 2,425 | 0.1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
African People's Convention | 1,212 | 1,065 | 2,277 | 0.1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
38 other parties | 12,064 | 17,392 | 29,456 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 922,465 | 923,724 | 1,846,189 | 135 | 135 | 270 | ||
Valid votes | 922,465 | 923,724 | 1,846,189 | 98.7 | ||||
Spoilt votes | 11,432 | 11,975 | 23,407 | 1.3 | ||||
Total votes cast | 933,897 | 935,699 | 1,869,596 | |||||
Voter turnout | 947,305 | |||||||
Registered voters | 2,220,710 | |||||||
Turnout percentage | 42.7 |
Service provision
The city management team head office is the Metro Centre Complex in
Some of the key city service functions are supplied by separate, self-contained entities, each run on business lines with its own CEO.
There are 10 utilities, including electricity which is run by City Power Johannesburg, water and sanitation which is run by Johannesburg Water, and solid waste management, also known as Pikitup. Utilities are registered companies, run on business lines. They must be self-funding, receiving no annual grants from the city. They provide billable services direct to individual households.
Agencies include
The zoo, Civic Theatre, bus service, fresh produce market and property company each compete in the open market to "sell" their wares to individual consumers who choose to pay for their services. These departments have been "corporatised" into separate businesses, run by new managements on performance contracts, and tasked to cut their subsidy levels by R100-million in the next five years.
See also
- Johannesburg
- Johannesburg City Parks
References
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- ^ [1] Archived 23 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Fraser, Neil (10 April 2006). "More competition for inner city on the cards". Johannesburg News Agency. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009.
- ^ Ramushwana, Alpha. "Mpho Phalatse ousted as Joburg mayor again". ewn.co.za. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- ^ Mbolekwa, Sisanda (5 May 2023). "Kabelo Gwamanda elected Johannesburg mayor". TimesLIVE. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
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- ^ "Voter Turnout Report" (PDF). IEC. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
- Johannesburg Government Structure
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- PA's Ashley Sauls sworn in as new MMC of health in City of Joburg (23 February 2022)