Claymore
Claymore | |
---|---|
Two-handed sword | |
Place of origin | Scotland |
Service history | |
In service | c. 1400–1700 |
Used by | Highland Scots |
Specifications | |
Mass | ≈2.2–2.8 kg (4.9–6.2 lb)[citation needed] |
Length | ≈120–140 cm (47–55 in)[citation needed] |
Blade length | ≈100–120 cm (39–47 in)[citation needed] |
Blade type | Double-edged |
Hilt type | Two-handed cruciform, with pommel |
A claymore (
The word claymore was first used in reference to basket-hilted swords during the 18th century in Scotland and parts of England.[2] This description was maybe not used during the 17th century, when basket-hilted swords were the primary military swords across Europe, but these basket-hilted, broad-bladed swords remained in service with officers of Scottish regiments into the 21st century. After the Acts of Union in 1707 (when Scottish and English regiments were integrated together), the swords were seen as a mark of distinction by Scottish officers over the more slender sabres used by their English contemporaries: a symbol of physical strength and prowess, and a link to the historic Highland way of life.
Terminology
The term claymore is an
Countering this view, Paul Wagner and Christopher Thompson argue that the term "claymore" was applied first to the basket-hilted broadsword, and then to all Scottish swords. They provide quotations that are earlier than those given above in support of its use to refer to a basket-hilted broadsword and targe: "a strong handsome target, with a sharp pointed steel, of above half an ell in length, screw'd into the navel of it, on his left arm, a sturdy claymore by his side" (1715 pamphlet). They also note its use as a battle-cry as early as 1678.[6] Some authors suggest that claybeg should be used instead, from a purported Gaelic claidheamh beag "small sword".[7] This does not parallel Scottish Gaelic usage. According to the Gaelic Dictionary by R. A. Armstrong (1825), claidheamh mòr "big/great sword" translates to "broadsword", and claidheamh dà làimh to "two-handed sword", while claidheamh beag "small sword" is given as a translation of "Bilbo".[8]
Two-handed (Highland) claymore
The
The average claymore ran about 140 cm (55 in) in overall length, with a 33 cm (13 in) grip, 107 cm (42 in) blade, and a weight of approximately 5.5 pounds (2.5 kg). For instance, in 1772 Thomas Pennant described a sword seen on his visit to Raasay as: "an unwieldy weapon, two inches broad (2 in (51 mm)), doubly edged; the length of the blade three feet seven inches (3 ft 7 in (1.09 m)); of the handle, fourteen inches (14 in (360 mm)); of a plain transverse guard, one foot (1 ft (0.30 m)); the weight six pounds and a half (6 lb 8 oz (2.9 kg))."[12]
Fairly uniform in style, the sword was set with a wheel pommel often capped by a crescent-shaped nut and a guard with straight, forward-sloping arms ending in quatrefoils, and langets running down the centre of the blade from the guard.[citation needed] Another common style of two-handed claymore (though lesser known today) was the "clamshell-hilted" claymore. It had a crossguard that consisted of two downward-curving arms and two large, round, concave plates that protected the foregrip. It was so named because the round guards resembled an open clam.[citation needed]
Popular culture references
- The song "Tweedle Dee, Tweedle Dum" by the Scottish band Middle of the Road mentions Scottish warriors going to battle with "claymores in their hands".
- Drew McIntyre's finishing move in WWE is known as the Claymore Kick. McIntyre has also entered matches with a Claymore sword named 'Angela', after his late mother.[13][14]
- The video game Team Fortress 2 features an unlockable, haunted claymore known as the "Eyelander".
- In the Star Trek: The Original Series episode "Day of the Dove", the character Chief Engineer Scott finds and keeps a claymore when the ship's weapons are replaced by antique weaponry.
- In the video game For Honor, the character Highlander wields a claymore.
- The claymore is a recurring weapon in the Dark Souls series of video games.
- In the 2022 Willow (TV series), one of the primary characters is named Jade Claymore, portrayed by Erin Kellyman.
- In the 2023 remake of Super Mario RPG, one of the weapon-themed bosses is named Claymorton.
- In the video game Genshin Impact, the Claymore is one of the five weapon classes which can be used by the game’s characters.
See also
- Great sword
- Historical fencing in Scotland
- Zweihänder
Notes
- ^ "claymore". Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., 1989. [1] (subscription required)
- ^ Blair, Claude (1981). The Word Claymore. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers. p. 378.
- OED. See also Alexander Robert Ulysses Lockmore (1778). Annual Register Vol. 23. London.[clarification needed]
- OED.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 474.
- ^ Wagner, Paul and Christopher Thompson, "The words claymore and broadsword" in Stephen Hand, Spada II: Anthology of Swordsmanship (Chivalry Bookshelf, 2005)
- ISBN 978-0-313-27896-9, p. 113. The suggestion appears as early as 1835 in a letter to the editor of The United service magazine p. 109: "the claybeg or Andrew Ferrara, now worn by the officers and sergeants of the Highland corps, and which has usurped the venerable name of the ancient Scottish weapon".
- ^ A Gaelic Dictionary, p. 120. see also Wagner, Paul; Christopher Thompson (2005). "The words "claymore" and "broadsword"". SPADA. 2. Highland Village, Texas: The Chivalry Bookshelf: 111–117.. Dwelly's Illustrated Gaelic to English Dictionary (Gairm Publications, Glasgow, 1988, p. 202); Culloden – The Swords and the Sorrows (The National Trust for Scotland, Glasgow, 1996).
- ^ Swords and Sabres, Harvey J S Withers
- ^ Ewart Oakeshott, Records of the Medieval Sword pg.117 BOYDELL&BREWER Ltd
- ^ Highland grave slab national museum of Scotland.
- ^ Wagner, Paul & Thompson, Christopher, "The words claymore and broadsword" in Hand, Stephen, Spada II: Anthology of Swordsmanship (Chivalry Bookshelf, 2005)
- ^ Lee, Joseph (8 November 2021). "Drew McIntyre Reveals It Was Vince McMahon That Named His Sword Angela". 411Mania. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ Ali, Hamza (14 October 2022). "Why Drew McIntyre Carries A Sword With Him In WWE, Explained". The Sportster. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
References and further reading
- Claude Blair, "Claymore" in David H. Caldwell (ed.), Scottish Weapons and Fortifications (Edinburgh 1981), 378–387
- David H. Caldwell, The Scottish Armoury (Edinburgh 1979), 24–26
- Fergus Cannan, Scottish Arms and Armour (Oxford 2009), 29–31, 79, 82
- Tobias Capwell, The Real Fighting Stuff: Arms and Armour at Glasgow Museums (Glasgow 2007), 84
- Ross Cowan, Halflang and Tua-Handit: Late Medieval Scottish Hand-and-a-Half and Two-Handed Swords. Updated version of two articles originally published in Medieval Warfare 1.2 & 1.3 (2011).
- Ross Cowan, 'Lairds of Battle', Military History Monthly 32 (2013), 47–48
- G. A. Hayes-McCoy, 'Sixteenth Century Swords Found in Ireland', Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 78 (1948), 38–54
- J. G. Mann, 'A Late Medieval Sword from Ireland', Antiquaries Journal 24 (1944), 94–99
- John Wallace, Scottish Swords and Dirks: An Illustrated Reference to Scottish Edged Weapons (London 1970), 10–17
- Dwelly's Illustrated Gaelic to English Dictionary (Gairm Publications, Glasgow, 1988, p. 202)
External links
- Two-handed Highland swords in the collections of Glasgow Museums, the National Museum of Scotland, and the British Museum.
- Scottish two-handed swords with clam shell guards in Kelvingrove, the National Museum of Scotland and Dean Castle (Kilmarnock).