Climate of San Diego

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San Diego
Climate chart (explanation)
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█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: NWS[1]
Metric conversion
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█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm

The climate of

BSk
due to the mild winters and cool summers in these locations.

Temperatures

Average monthly temperatures range from 57.3 °F (14.1 °C) in January to 72 °F (22 °C) in August.[citation needed] On average, 344 days a year are hotter than 60 °F (16 °C), but only 25 days are hotter than 80 °F (27 °C).[3]

Late summer and early autumn are typically the hottest times of the year with an average high of 78 °F (26 °C) in August and 77 °F (25 °C) in September.[4] Temperatures occasionally reach 90 °F (32 °C) or higher.[5] Snow and ice are rare in the wintertime, typically occurring only inland from the coast when present.

San Diego experiences marine layer clouds, most often between May and August, which cause cool temperatures, cloudy weather and fog in the morning. Marine layer conditions linger until the heat of the sun becomes strong enough to evaporate the clouds. The local sayings "May gray" and "June gloom" refer to the way in which San Diego has the most trouble shaking off the early morning fog during those months, and cool, cloudy conditions often last into the afternoon or even all day.[6][7]

Temperatures soar to very high readings only on rare occasions, chiefly when easterly winds (known as the "Santa Ana winds") bring hot, dry air from the inland deserts. Although confusing to tourists, newcomers, and out-of-the-region newscasters, this makes October the fire season for San Diego and the rest of Southern California due to low precipitation and sporadic heat waves that the average monthly temperatures do not immediately show. For example, the months with the highest record high temperatures are September at 111 °F (44 °C) and October at 107 °F (42 °C).[4]

The record high temperature at the National Weather Service office in San Diego of 111 °F (44 °C) was on September 26, 1963. The record low temperature was 25 °F (−4 °C) on January 7, 1913.[8] The record high temperature was tied only once and happened on September 27, 2010, 47 years and two days after the set record. Several cities near San Diego, including Los Angeles, broke their all-time records that day.[9]

Precipitation

San Diego on average has 146 sunny days and 117 partly cloudy days a year. The average annual precipitation is less than 12 inches (30 cm), resulting in a borderline

El Cajon can receive over 20 inches (51 cm) per year on average; further inland at higher elevations in the Cleveland National Forest receive more yet, and some areas like Palomar Mountain
average more than 40 inches (100 cm) of rainfall per year.

At the National Weather Service office, there are an average of 41 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1941 with 24.93 inches (63.3 cm) and the driest year was 1953 with 3.23 inches (8.2 cm). The most rainfall in one month was 9.09 inches (23.1 cm) in January 1993. The most rainfall in 24 hours was 3.23 inches (8.2 cm) on April 5, 1926.[10]

Snow

Snow has been recorded falling on lowland San Diego communities only five times in over 125 years of record-keeping.[11] Snow flurries were last seen in San Diego on February 14, 2008 around 1,700 to 1,800 feet (520 to 550 m), and the last measurable snowfall to hit various neighborhoods and suburbs around the city fell on December 13, 1967. In winter, light snow is common in mountainous regions of east and north San Diego County (including Ramona and Julian) above 3,000–4,000 feet (910–1,220 m).[12]

Variation

Climate in the San Diego area often varies dramatically over short geographical distances, due to the city's topography (the Bay, and the numerous hills, mountains, and canyons), thus exhibiting

El Cajon and Santee
for example, rarely experience the cloud cover.

Compared to national averages

On average, San Diego sees 21 days with some

precipitation while the rest of the country sees about 110. The national average for mostly sunny days is 213 while San Diego's is 267. San Diego's annual snowfall is 0 inches per year while the nation usually sees an average of 24.2 inches (610 mm) per year. The United States average for days above 90 °F (32 °C) is 37.9 days while San Diego's is only 2.5 days, and there are, on average 0 days below 32 °F (0 °C) in San Diego, while the national average is 88 days. The average low temperature in January for the country is 26.5 °F (−3.1 °C), and for San Diego it is 50 °F (10 °C). The average high temperature in July for San Diego is 76 °F (24 °C). The national average is 86.8 °F (30.4 °C).[10]

Data

Climate data for San Diego Int'l Airport (1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1874–present)[b]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 88
(31) 		91
(33) 		99
(37) 		98
(37) 		98
(37) 		101
(38) 		100
(38) 		98
(37) 		111
(44) 		107
(42) 		100
(38) 		88
(31) 		111
(44)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 78.8
(26.0) 		78.6
(25.9) 		80.2
(26.8) 		82.1
(27.8) 		79.3
(26.3) 		79.6
(26.4) 		82.9
(28.3) 		85.2
(29.6) 		90.6
(32.6) 		87.8
(31.0) 		85.4
(29.7) 		77.0
(25.0) 		94.0
(34.4)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 66.4
(19.1) 		66.2
(19.0) 		67.0
(19.4) 		68.8
(20.4) 		69.5
(20.8) 		71.7
(22.1) 		75.3
(24.1) 		77.3
(25.2) 		77.2
(25.1) 		74.6
(23.7) 		70.7
(21.5) 		66.0
(18.9) 		70.9
(21.6)
Daily mean °F (°C) 58.4
(14.7) 		59.0
(15.0) 		60.7
(15.9) 		62.9
(17.2) 		64.8
(18.2) 		67.2
(19.6) 		70.7
(21.5) 		72.4
(22.4) 		71.7
(22.1) 		68.1
(20.1) 		62.7
(17.1) 		57.9
(14.4) 		64.7
(18.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 50.3
(10.2) 		51.8
(11.0) 		54.5
(12.5) 		57.1
(13.9) 		60.0
(15.6) 		62.6
(17.0) 		66.1
(18.9) 		67.5
(19.7) 		66.2
(19.0) 		61.5
(16.4) 		54.8
(12.7) 		49.8
(9.9) 		58.5
(14.7)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 43.7
(6.5) 		46.1
(7.8) 		48.7
(9.3) 		51.9
(11.1) 		55.8
(13.2) 		59.3
(15.2) 		63.0
(17.2) 		63.9
(17.7) 		61.8
(16.6) 		55.5
(13.1) 		48.2
(9.0) 		43.0
(6.1) 		42.6
(5.9)
Record low °F (°C) 25
(−4) 		34
(1) 		36
(2) 		39
(4) 		45
(7) 		50
(10) 		54
(12) 		54
(12) 		50
(10) 		43
(6) 		36
(2) 		32
(0) 		25
(−4)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.98
(50) 		2.20
(56) 		1.46
(37) 		0.65
(17) 		0.28
(7.1) 		0.05
(1.3) 		0.08
(2.0) 		0.01
(0.25) 		0.12
(3.0) 		0.50
(13) 		0.79
(20) 		1.67
(42) 		9.79
(249)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 6.5 7.1 6.2 3.8 2.2 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.9 2.4 3.7 5.8 40.3
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		63.1 65.7 67.3 67.0 70.6 74.0 74.6 74.1 72.7 69.4 66.3 63.7 69.0
Average dew point °F (°C) 42.8
(6.0) 		45.3
(7.4) 		47.3
(8.5) 		49.5
(9.7) 		53.1
(11.7) 		57.0
(13.9) 		61.2
(16.2) 		62.4
(16.9) 		60.6
(15.9) 		55.6
(13.1) 		48.6
(9.2) 		43.2
(6.2) 		52.2
(11.2)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 239.3 227.4 261.0 276.2 250.5 242.4 304.7 295.0 253.3 243.4 230.1 231.3 3,054.6
Percent possible sunshine 75 74 70 71 58 57 70 71 68 69 73 74 69
Source:
NOAA (sun, relative humidity, and dew point 1961–1990)[14][15][16]

See or edit raw graph data.

Sea temperatures

Average annual temperature of sea is 65 °F (18 °C), from 59 °F (15 °C) in January to 72 °F (22 °C) in August.[17] Water temperatures have risen since 1950 as measured at Scripps Pier.[18]

Average sea temperature[17]
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
59 °F (15 °C) 61 °F (16 °C) 61 °F (16 °C) 62 °F (17 °C) 64 °F (18 °C) 67 °F (19 °C) 70 °F (21 °C) 72 °F (22 °C) 70 °F (21 °C) 68 °F (20 °C) 65 °F (18 °C) 62 °F (17 °C)

Santa Anas

The months of September through April bring warm winds from the desert called "Santa Anas". Occurring about 10 days out of the year, these winds bring sometimes hot, but always dry conditions. Inland, and in mountain passes and canyons, they can burst out in gusts of 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) and can lower relative humidity to single digits, although by the coast they rarely see gusts of over 40 miles per hour (64 km/h). They can spread and worsen wildfires. Because these winds blow from east to west, common perception is that they are pulling hot air from the desert. However, it is not uncommon during a Santa Ana condition for the coast to be even hotter than the desert regions. The Santa Ana winds are actually warm due to barometric pressure increases: As the air is pulled down to sea level from the higher altitudes of the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains to the east, it is compressed and its temperature rises.[19]

Hurricanes

See also: List of California hurricanes

Since the track of most hurricanes is well to the south of San Diego, and the cold

Hurricane Kathleen (1976). Average surface temperature of the water at Scripps Pier in the California Current has increased by almost 3 degrees since 1950, according to scientists at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.[18]

May and June clouds

During the months of May and June, the

May Gray", or "June Gloom
".

Southern Oscillation

San Diego's wet winter season is influenced by the

La Niña
phase, San Diego becomes drier with cooler and less humid conditions.

Ultraviolet index

Ultraviolet index[20]
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
3 4 6 8 9 10 10 10 8 6 4 3 6.7

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  2. Mission San Diego and from November 1871 to June 1939 and a variety of buildings at downtown, and at San Diego Int'l (Lindbergh Field) since July 1939.[13] Temperature records, however, only date from October 1874. For more information on data coverage, see ThreadEx

References

  1. ^ "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency: San Diego climate by month". Wrh.noaa.gov. Retrieved May 4, 2011.
  2. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130
    . Retrieved April 22, 2009.
  3. ^ "San Diego CA Average Temperatures by Month - Current Results". www.currentresults.com. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  4. ^ a b "Intellicast - San Diego Historic Weather Averages in California (92147)". www.intellicast.com. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  5. ^ National-Record High Temp: http://www.vroomvroomvroom.com/maximum-temperatures-in-usa/
  6. ^ Union-Tribune, San Diego. "Less May gray and June gloom, but more rain?". sandiegouniontribune.com. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  7. ^ "Marine Layer Information". meteora.ucsd.edu. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  8. ^ http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca7740; http://www.city-data.com/forum/weather/155963-your-record-high-record-low-10.html
  9. ^ Enloe, Jesse (December 2, 2012). "CA All-Time Highest Max Temperature Records set on September 27, 2010". NOAA. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
  10. ^ a b "SAN DIEGO LINDBERGH FLD, CALIFORNIA - Climate Summary".
  11. ^ "Rowe, P.: "The Day it Snowed on San Diego" San Diego Union-Tribune, December 13, 2007.
  12. ^ ""Snow play" a popular winter activity at Laguna Mountain Recreation Area, Palomar Mountain and Cuyamaca Rancho State Park (Feb 26 2011)". Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
  13. ^ Conner, Glen. History of weather observations San Diego, California 1849–1948. Climate Database Modernization Program, NOAA's National Climatic Data Center. pp. 7–8.
  14. ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
  15. ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on August 8, 2023. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
  16. ^ "San Diego/Lindbergh Field CA Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on August 8, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  17. ^ a b "Pacific Ocean Temperatures on California Coast" - beachcalifornia.com
  18. ^ a b Lee, Mike (June 18, 2011). "Is global warming changing California Current?". U-T (San Diego Union Tribune). Retrieved June 20, 2011.
  19. ^ Fovell, Robert, Professor of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, UCLA, "The Santa Ana Winds FAQ http://people.atmos.ucla.edu/fovell/ASother/mm5/SantaAna/santa_ana_faq.html 2016-03-29
  20. ^ Average UV index San Diego, USA – weather-atlas.com

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_San_Diego&oldid=1207200951"