Climate of California
The climate of California varies widely from
Temperature range
The cool offshore, enhanced by
The temperature gradient between immediate coast and low-lying inland valleys in the south is about 7 °F (4 °C) in winter, the coast being warmer, and in summer roughly 20 °F (11 °C), the interior being warmer. For example, the average daily high in
During the cooler winter months (October–March), the
The extreme southwest, around San Diego, has a subtropical semi-arid or steppe climate (Koppen BSh) as winters are drier there.
The southeastern regions have a hot
Place | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alturas[8] | 44 / 18 (7 / −8) |
48 / 21 (9 / −6) |
54 / 25 (12 / −4) |
60 / 28 (16 / −2) |
70 / 34 (21 / 1) |
79 / 40 (26 / 4) |
90 / 44 (32 / 7) |
89 / 42 (32 / 6) |
80 / 36 (27 / 2) |
68 / 28 (20 / −2) |
52 / 23 (11 / −5) |
42 / 18 (6 / −8) |
Bakersfield[9] | 56 / 39 (13 / 4) |
63 / 42 (17 / 6) |
69 / 47 (21 / 8) |
75 / 50 (24 / 10) |
84 / 58 (29 / 14) |
91 / 64 (33 / 18) |
97 / 71 (36 / 22) |
96 / 69 (36 / 21) |
90 / 64 (32 / 18) |
80 / 55 (27 / 13) |
66 / 45 (19 / 7) |
57 / 39 (14 / 4) |
Bishop[10] | 54 / 23 (12 / −5) |
58 / 27 (14 / −3) |
66 / 31 (19 / −1) |
73 / 36 (23 / 2) |
82 / 44 (28 / 7) |
92 / 51 (33 / 11) |
98 / 56 (37 / 13) |
96 / 54 (36 / 12) |
88 / 47 (31 / 8) |
76 / 37 (24 / 3) |
63 / 28 (17 / −2) |
53 / 22 (12 / −6) |
Bodie[11] | 40 / 5 (4 / −15) |
41 / 7 (5 / −14) |
45 / 11 (7 / −12) |
50 / 17 (10 / −8) |
61 / 24 (16 / −4) |
70 / 30 (21 / −1) |
78 / 34 (26 / 1) |
77 / 32 (25 / 0) |
71 / 26 (22 / −3) |
60 / 18 (16 / −8) |
49 / 11 (9 / −12) |
41 / 6 (5 / −14) |
Death Valley[12] | 67 / 40 (19 / 4) |
73 / 46 (23 / 8) |
82 / 55 (28 / 13) |
91 / 62 (33 / 17) |
101 / 73 (38 / 23) |
110 / 81 (43 / 27) |
117 / 88 (47 / 31) |
115 / 86 (46 / 30) |
107 / 76 (42 / 24) |
93 / 62 (34 / 17) |
77 / 48 (25 / 9) |
65 / 38 (18 / 3) |
Eureka[13] | 56 / 41 (13 / 5) |
56 / 42 (13 / 6) |
57 / 43 (14 / 6) |
58 / 44 (14 / 7) |
60 / 48 (16 / 9) |
62 / 50 (17 / 10) |
63 / 52 (17 / 11) |
64 / 53 (18 / 12) |
64 / 50 (18 / 10) |
62 / 47 (17 / 8) |
58 / 44 (14 / 7) |
55 / 41 (13 / 5) |
Fresno[14] | 55 / 38 (13 / 3) |
62 / 42 (17 / 6) |
68 / 46 (20 / 8) |
75 / 49 (24 / 9) |
84 / 56 (29 / 13) |
92 / 62 (33 / 17) |
98 / 68 (37 / 20) |
97 / 66 (36 / 19) |
91 / 62 (33 / 17) |
80 / 53 (27 / 12) |
65 / 43 (18 / 6) |
55 / 38 (13 / 3) |
Los Angeles[15] | 68 / 48 (20 / 9) |
69 / 49 (21 / 9) |
70 / 51 (21 / 11) |
73 / 54 (23 / 12) |
75 / 57 (24 / 14) |
78 / 60 (26 / 16) |
83 / 64 (28 / 18) |
84 / 64 (29 / 18) |
83 / 63 (28 / 17) |
79 / 59 (26 / 15) |
73 / 52 (23 / 11) |
68 / 48 (20 / 9) |
Needles[16] | 65 / 44 (18 / 7) |
70 / 47 (21 / 8) |
77 / 52 (25 / 11) |
85 / 59 (29 / 15) |
95 / 68 (35 / 20) |
104 / 77 (40 / 25) |
109 / 84 (43 / 29) |
107 / 83 (42 / 28) |
100 / 75 (38 / 24) |
88 / 62 (31 / 17) |
73 / 50 (23 / 10) |
63 / 43 (17 / 6) |
Redding[17] | 55 / 37 (13 / 3) |
60 / 39 (16 / 4) |
65 / 43 (18 / 6) |
71 / 46 (22 / 8) |
81 / 54 (27 / 12) |
90 / 61 (32 / 16) |
98 / 66 (37 / 19) |
97 / 63 (36 / 17) |
90 / 58 (32 / 14) |
78 / 50 (26 / 10) |
63 / 41 (17 / 5) |
55 / 36 (13 / 2) |
Riverside[18] | 69 / 43 (21 / 6) |
70 / 45 (21 / 7) |
73 / 46 (23 / 8) |
78 / 50 (26 / 10) |
83 / 55 (28 / 13) |
89 / 60 (32 / 16) |
95 / 64 (35 / 18) |
96 / 65 (36 / 18) |
92 / 61 (33 / 16) |
83 / 55 (28 / 13) |
75 / 47 (24 / 8) |
68 / 42 (20 / 6) |
Sacramento[19] | 54 / 39 (12 / 4) |
60 / 41 (16 / 5) |
65 / 44 (18 / 7) |
71 / 46 (22 / 8) |
80 / 51 (27 / 11) |
87 / 56 (31 / 13) |
92 / 58 (33 / 14) |
91 / 58 (33 / 14) |
87 / 56 (31 / 13) |
78 / 50 (26 / 10) |
64 / 43 (18 / 6) |
54 / 38 (12 / 3) |
San Diego[20] | 65 / 49 (18 / 9) |
65 / 51 (18 / 11) |
67 / 53 (19 / 12) |
68 / 56 (20 / 13) |
69 / 59 (21 / 15) |
71 / 62 (22 / 17) |
75 / 65 (24 / 18) |
76 / 67 (24 / 19) |
76 / 65 (24 / 18) |
73 / 61 (23 / 16) |
69 / 54 (21 / 12) |
65 / 48 (18 / 9) |
San Francisco[1] |
57 / 46 (14 / 8) |
60 / 48 (16 / 9) |
62 / 49 (17 / 9) |
63 / 49 (17 / 9) |
64 / 51 (18 / 11) |
66 / 53 (19 / 12) |
66 / 54 (19 / 12) |
68 / 55 (20 / 13) |
70 / 55 (21 / 13) |
69 / 54 (21 / 12) |
63 / 50 (17 / 10) |
57 / 46 (14 / 8) |
San Jose[21] | 58 / 42 (14 / 6) |
62 / 45 (17 / 7) |
66 / 47 (19 / 8) |
69 / 49 (21 / 9) |
74 / 52 (23 / 11) |
79 / 56 (26 / 13) |
82 / 58 (28 / 14) |
82 / 58 (28 / 14) |
80 / 57 (27 / 14) |
74 / 53 (23 / 12) |
64 / 46 (18 / 8) |
58 / 42 (14 / 6) |
Santa Rosa[22] | 59 / 39 (15 / 4) |
63 / 41 (17 / 5) |
67 / 43 (19 / 6) |
70 / 45 (21 / 7) |
75 / 48 (24 / 9) |
80 / 52 (27 / 11) |
82 / 52 (28 / 11) |
83 / 53 (28 / 12) |
83 / 52 (28 / 11) |
78 / 48 (26 / 9) |
67 / 43 (19 / 6) |
59 / 39 (15 / 4) |
South Lake Tahoe[23] |
43 / 16 (6 / −9) |
44 / 18 (7 / −8) |
49 / 23 (9 / −5) |
54 / 27 (12 / −3) |
64 / 32 (18 / 0) |
72 / 37 (22 / 3) |
81 / 41 (27 / 5) |
80 / 40 (27 / 4) |
74 / 35 (23 / 2) |
63 / 28 (17 / −2) |
51 / 22 (11 / −6) |
43 / 17 (6 / −8) |
Statewide records
The highest temperature ever recorded in California was 134 °F (57 °C) in Death Valley on July 10, 1913. This is also the highest temperature ever recorded on Earth. The lowest was −45 °F (−43 °C) in Boca on January 20, 1937.
Climate data for California | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 97 (36) |
100 (38) |
107 (42) |
118 (48) |
122 (50) |
129 (54) |
134 (57) |
130 (54) |
126 (52) |
117 (47) |
105 (41) |
100 (38) |
134 (57) |
Record low °F (°C) | −45 (−43) |
−43 (−42) |
−35 (−37) |
−30 (−34) |
−15 (−26) |
2 (−17) |
12 (−11) |
12 (−11) |
−5 (−21) |
−20 (−29) |
−28 (−33) |
−40 (−40) |
−45 (−43) |
Source: https://www.infoplease.com/science-health/weather/california-temperature-extremes |
Full statistics for selected cities
Climate data for Fresno, California (Fresno Airport), 1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1881–present[b] | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 78 (26) |
84 (29) |
91 (33) |
101 (38) |
110 (43) |
112 (44) |
115 (46) |
113 (45) |
114 (46) |
102 (39) |
90 (32) |
77 (25) |
115 (46) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 68.1 (20.1) |
73.7 (23.2) |
81.9 (27.7) |
90.8 (32.7) |
99.0 (37.2) |
105.9 (41.1) |
107.7 (42.1) |
107.1 (41.7) |
103.1 (39.5) |
93.2 (34.0) |
79.6 (26.4) |
67.4 (19.7) |
109.2 (42.9) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 55.4 (13.0) |
61.3 (16.3) |
67.5 (19.7) |
73.7 (23.2) |
82.7 (28.2) |
91.4 (33.0) |
97.7 (36.5) |
96.5 (35.8) |
90.7 (32.6) |
78.7 (25.9) |
64.9 (18.3) |
55.3 (12.9) |
76.3 (24.6) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 48.0 (8.9) |
52.3 (11.3) |
57.4 (14.1) |
62.3 (16.8) |
70.2 (21.2) |
77.6 (25.3) |
83.5 (28.6) |
82.2 (27.9) |
77.1 (25.1) |
66.7 (19.3) |
55.1 (12.8) |
47.5 (8.6) |
65.0 (18.3) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 40.6 (4.8) |
43.3 (6.3) |
47.3 (8.5) |
50.9 (10.5) |
57.6 (14.2) |
63.9 (17.7) |
69.3 (20.7) |
67.9 (19.9) |
63.4 (17.4) |
54.6 (12.6) |
45.4 (7.4) |
39.8 (4.3) |
53.7 (12.1) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 30.5 (−0.8) |
33.4 (0.8) |
37.2 (2.9) |
40.4 (4.7) |
47.7 (8.7) |
52.9 (11.6) |
60.1 (15.6) |
59.7 (15.4) |
53.8 (12.1) |
44.6 (7.0) |
34.7 (1.5) |
30.2 (−1.0) |
28.8 (−1.8) |
Record low °F (°C) | 17 (−8) |
24 (−4) |
26 (−3) |
32 (0) |
36 (2) |
42 (6) |
50 (10) |
49 (9) |
37 (3) |
27 (−3) |
26 (−3) |
18 (−8) |
17 (−8) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.16 (55) |
1.93 (49) |
1.90 (48) |
1.04 (26) |
0.42 (11) |
0.24 (6.1) |
0.03 (0.76) |
0.00 (0.00) |
0.05 (1.3) |
0.56 (14) |
0.87 (22) |
1.79 (45) |
10.99 (279) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 7.7 | 8.5 | 7.2 | 4.5 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 4.7 | 7.3 | 46.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
83.3 | 77.2 | 68.9 | 57.4 | 47.3 | 41.9 | 39.2 | 44.7 | 50.0 | 58.5 | 74.1 | 84.2 | 60.6 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 39.4 (4.1) |
42.4 (5.8) |
43.2 (6.2) |
43.2 (6.2) |
45.3 (7.4) |
48.9 (9.4) |
52.3 (11.3) |
54.1 (12.3) |
51.6 (10.9) |
47.3 (8.5) |
43.2 (6.2) |
39.6 (4.2) |
45.9 (7.7) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 141.5 | 196.9 | 286.2 | 335.5 | 398.9 | 412.2 | 428.2 | 399.6 | 345.9 | 302.3 | 189.9 | 127.1 | 3,564.2 |
Percent possible sunshine | 46 | 65 | 77 | 85 | 91 | 94 | 96 | 95 | 93 | 87 | 62 | 42 | 80 |
Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dew points and sun 1961–1990)[24][25][26] |
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record high °F (°C) | 95 (35) |
95 (35) |
99 (37) |
106 (41) |
103 (39) |
112 (44) |
109 (43) |
106 (41) |
113 (45) |
108 (42) |
100 (38) |
92 (33) |
113 (45) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 83.0 (28.3) |
82.8 (28.2) |
85.8 (29.9) |
90.1 (32.3) |
88.9 (31.6) |
89.1 (31.7) |
93.5 (34.2) |
95.2 (35.1) |
99.4 (37.4) |
95.7 (35.4) |
88.9 (31.6) |
81.0 (27.2) |
101.5 (38.6) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 68.0 (20.0) |
68.0 (20.0) |
69.9 (21.1) |
72.4 (22.4) |
73.7 (23.2) |
77.2 (25.1) |
82.0 (27.8) |
84.0 (28.9) |
83.0 (28.3) |
78.6 (25.9) |
72.9 (22.7) |
67.4 (19.7) |
74.8 (23.8) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 58.4 (14.7) |
59.0 (15.0) |
61.1 (16.2) |
63.6 (17.6) |
65.9 (18.8) |
69.3 (20.7) |
73.3 (22.9) |
74.7 (23.7) |
73.6 (23.1) |
69.3 (20.7) |
63.0 (17.2) |
57.8 (14.3) |
65.8 (18.8) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 48.9 (9.4) |
50.0 (10.0) |
52.4 (11.3) |
54.8 (12.7) |
58.1 (14.5) |
61.4 (16.3) |
64.7 (18.2) |
65.4 (18.6) |
64.2 (17.9) |
59.9 (15.5) |
53.1 (11.7) |
48.2 (9.0) |
56.8 (13.8) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 41.4 (5.2) |
42.9 (6.1) |
45.4 (7.4) |
48.9 (9.4) |
53.5 (11.9) |
57.4 (14.1) |
61.1 (16.2) |
61.7 (16.5) |
59.1 (15.1) |
53.7 (12.1) |
45.4 (7.4) |
40.5 (4.7) |
39.2 (4.0) |
Record low °F (°C) | 28 (−2) |
28 (−2) |
31 (−1) |
36 (2) |
40 (4) |
46 (8) |
49 (9) |
49 (9) |
44 (7) |
40 (4) |
34 (1) |
30 (−1) |
28 (−2) |
Average rainfall inches (mm) | 3.29 (84) |
3.64 (92) |
2.23 (57) |
0.69 (18) |
0.32 (8.1) |
0.09 (2.3) |
0.02 (0.51) |
0.00 (0.00) |
0.13 (3.3) |
0.58 (15) |
0.78 (20) |
2.48 (63) |
14.25 (362) |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.1 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 5.5 | 34.1 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 225.3 | 222.5 | 267.0 | 303.5 | 276.2 | 275.8 | 364.1 | 349.5 | 278.5 | 255.1 | 217.3 | 219.4 | 3,254.2 |
Percent possible sunshine | 71 | 72 | 72 | 78 | 64 | 64 | 83 | 84 | 75 | 73 | 70 | 71 | 73 |
Average ultraviolet index | 2.9 | 4.2 | 6.2 | 8.1 | 9.2 | 10.4 | 10.8 | 10.0 | 8.1 | 5.4 | 3.5 | 2.6 | 6.7 |
Source 1: NOAA (sun 1961–1977)[27][28][29][30] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: UV Index Today (1995 to 2022)[31] |
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record high °F (°C) | 91 (33) |
92 (33) |
95 (35) |
102 (39) |
97 (36) |
104 (40) |
97 (36) |
98 (37) |
110 (43) |
106 (41) |
101 (38) |
94 (34) |
110 (43) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 81.2 (27.3) |
80.1 (26.7) |
80.6 (27.0) |
83.1 (28.4) |
80.6 (27.0) |
79.8 (26.6) |
83.7 (28.7) |
86.0 (30.0) |
90.7 (32.6) |
90.9 (32.7) |
87.2 (30.7) |
78.8 (26.0) |
95.5 (35.3) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 66.3 (19.1) |
65.6 (18.7) |
66.1 (18.9) |
68.1 (20.1) |
69.5 (20.8) |
72.0 (22.2) |
75.1 (23.9) |
76.7 (24.8) |
76.5 (24.7) |
74.4 (23.6) |
70.9 (21.6) |
66.1 (18.9) |
70.6 (21.4) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 57.9 (14.4) |
57.9 (14.4) |
59.1 (15.1) |
61.1 (16.2) |
63.6 (17.6) |
66.4 (19.1) |
69.6 (20.9) |
70.7 (21.5) |
70.1 (21.2) |
67.1 (19.5) |
62.3 (16.8) |
57.6 (14.2) |
63.6 (17.6) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 49.4 (9.7) |
50.1 (10.1) |
52.2 (11.2) |
54.2 (12.3) |
57.6 (14.2) |
60.9 (16.1) |
64.0 (17.8) |
64.8 (18.2) |
63.7 (17.6) |
59.8 (15.4) |
53.7 (12.1) |
49.1 (9.5) |
56.6 (13.7) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 41.8 (5.4) |
42.9 (6.1) |
45.3 (7.4) |
48.0 (8.9) |
52.7 (11.5) |
56.7 (13.7) |
60.2 (15.7) |
61.0 (16.1) |
58.7 (14.8) |
53.2 (11.8) |
46.1 (7.8) |
41.1 (5.1) |
39.4 (4.1) |
Record low °F (°C) | 27 (−3) |
34 (1) |
35 (2) |
42 (6) |
45 (7) |
48 (9) |
52 (11) |
51 (11) |
47 (8) |
43 (6) |
38 (3) |
32 (0) |
27 (−3) |
Average rainfall inches (mm) | 2.86 (73) |
2.99 (76) |
1.73 (44) |
0.60 (15) |
0.28 (7.1) |
0.08 (2.0) |
0.04 (1.0) |
0.00 (0.00) |
0.11 (2.8) |
0.49 (12) |
0.82 (21) |
2.23 (57) |
12.23 (311) |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 3.2 | 5.4 | 34.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
63.4 | 67.9 | 70.5 | 71.0 | 74.0 | 75.9 | 76.6 | 76.6 | 74.2 | 70.5 | 65.5 | 62.9 | 70.8 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 41.4 (5.2) |
44.4 (6.9) |
46.6 (8.1) |
49.1 (9.5) |
52.7 (11.5) |
56.5 (13.6) |
60.1 (15.6) |
61.2 (16.2) |
59.2 (15.1) |
54.1 (12.3) |
46.8 (8.2) |
41.4 (5.2) |
51.1 (10.6) |
Source: NOAA (relative humidity and dew point 1961–1990)[27][32][33][34] |
Climate data for Sacramento, California (Sacramento Executive Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1941–present[c] | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 76 (24) |
78 (26) |
88 (31) |
95 (35) |
105 (41) |
115 (46) |
114 (46) |
112 (44) |
114 (46) |
104 (40) |
87 (31) |
74 (23) |
115 (46) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 65.2 (18.4) |
71.1 (21.7) |
78.1 (25.6) |
87.4 (30.8) |
95.3 (35.2) |
103.1 (39.5) |
105.3 (40.7) |
104.1 (40.1) |
100.6 (38.1) |
91.8 (33.2) |
76.5 (24.7) |
65.1 (18.4) |
107.0 (41.7) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 56.0 (13.3) |
61.3 (16.3) |
66.3 (19.1) |
72.1 (22.3) |
80.3 (26.8) |
87.9 (31.1) |
92.6 (33.7) |
91.9 (33.3) |
88.5 (31.4) |
78.8 (26.0) |
65.0 (18.3) |
56.0 (13.3) |
74.7 (23.7) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 47.6 (8.7) |
51.4 (10.8) |
55.4 (13.0) |
59.5 (15.3) |
66.1 (18.9) |
72.2 (22.3) |
75.9 (24.4) |
75.3 (24.1) |
72.5 (22.5) |
64.5 (18.1) |
53.9 (12.2) |
47.3 (8.5) |
61.8 (16.6) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 39.2 (4.0) |
41.5 (5.3) |
44.5 (6.9) |
47.0 (8.3) |
52.0 (11.1) |
56.5 (13.6) |
59.2 (15.1) |
58.8 (14.9) |
56.5 (13.6) |
50.3 (10.2) |
42.7 (5.9) |
38.5 (3.6) |
48.9 (9.4) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 29.1 (−1.6) |
31.7 (−0.2) |
35.1 (1.7) |
37.9 (3.3) |
44.1 (6.7) |
49.5 (9.7) |
54.1 (12.3) |
53.8 (12.1) |
49.6 (9.8) |
41.7 (5.4) |
32.7 (0.4) |
28.7 (−1.8) |
26.9 (−2.8) |
Record low °F (°C) | 20 (−7) |
23 (−5) |
26 (−3) |
31 (−1) |
34 (1) |
41 (5) |
48 (9) |
48 (9) |
42 (6) |
35 (2) |
26 (−3) |
18 (−8) |
18 (−8) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.66 (93) |
3.49 (89) |
2.68 (68) |
1.26 (32) |
0.75 (19) |
0.23 (5.8) |
0.00 (0.00) |
0.04 (1.0) |
0.09 (2.3) |
0.85 (22) |
1.66 (42) |
3.43 (87) |
18.14 (461) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.0 | 9.1 | 9.0 | 5.1 | 3.6 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 3.1 | 6.1 | 9.6 | 57.7 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
83.3 | 76.8 | 71.6 | 64.5 | 58.9 | 55.0 | 53.2 | 55.7 | 57.0 | 63.1 | 75.6 | 82.9 | 66.5 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 39.4 (4.1) |
42.1 (5.6) |
42.8 (6.0) |
43.7 (6.5) |
46.9 (8.3) |
50.4 (10.2) |
53.1 (11.7) |
53.4 (11.9) |
50.9 (10.5) |
47.5 (8.6) |
43.7 (6.5) |
39.2 (4.0) |
46.1 (7.8) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 145.5 | 201.3 | 278.0 | 329.6 | 406.3 | 419.5 | 440.2 | 406.9 | 347.8 | 296.7 | 194.9 | 141.1 | 3,607.8 |
Percent possible sunshine | 48 | 67 | 75 | 83 | 92 | 94 | 98 | 96 | 93 | 86 | 64 | 48 | 81 |
Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961–1990)[36][37][38] |
Climate data for Sacramento 5 ESE, California (Sacramento State[39]), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1877–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 79 (26) |
80 (27) |
90 (32) |
98 (37) |
107 (42) |
112 (44) |
114 (46) |
112 (44) |
116 (47) |
102 (39) |
86 (30) |
72 (22) |
116 (47) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 66.4 (19.1) |
72.5 (22.5) |
80.6 (27.0) |
89.5 (31.9) |
97.1 (36.2) |
104.4 (40.2) |
106.7 (41.5) |
105.5 (40.8) |
102.0 (38.9) |
92.3 (33.5) |
77.3 (25.2) |
65.9 (18.8) |
108.1 (42.3) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 56.5 (13.6) |
62.2 (16.8) |
67.8 (19.9) |
73.5 (23.1) |
81.3 (27.4) |
89.0 (31.7) |
94.4 (34.7) |
93.5 (34.2) |
89.3 (31.8) |
78.9 (26.1) |
65.3 (18.5) |
56.4 (13.6) |
75.7 (24.3) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 48.8 (9.3) |
52.9 (11.6) |
57.2 (14.0) |
61.4 (16.3) |
67.7 (19.8) |
73.9 (23.3) |
77.9 (25.5) |
77.3 (25.2) |
74.0 (23.3) |
65.9 (18.8) |
55.3 (12.9) |
48.5 (9.2) |
63.4 (17.4) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 41.1 (5.1) |
43.7 (6.5) |
46.7 (8.2) |
49.3 (9.6) |
54.0 (12.2) |
58.7 (14.8) |
61.4 (16.3) |
61.0 (16.1) |
58.8 (14.9) |
52.9 (11.6) |
45.3 (7.4) |
40.7 (4.8) |
51.1 (10.6) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 32.5 (0.3) |
35.4 (1.9) |
38.8 (3.8) |
41.6 (5.3) |
47.2 (8.4) |
51.9 (11.1) |
55.9 (13.3) |
55.9 (13.3) |
52.4 (11.3) |
45.1 (7.3) |
36.2 (2.3) |
31.9 (−0.1) |
30.5 (−0.8) |
Record low °F (°C) | 19 (−7) |
21 (−6) |
29 (−2) |
34 (1) |
37 (3) |
43 (6) |
47 (8) |
48 (9) |
44 (7) |
34 (1) |
27 (−3) |
17 (−8) |
17 (−8) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.87 (98) |
3.63 (92) |
2.82 (72) |
1.44 (37) |
0.86 (22) |
0.21 (5.3) |
0.00 (0.00) |
0.02 (0.51) |
0.15 (3.8) |
0.93 (24) |
1.78 (45) |
3.49 (89) |
19.20 (488) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.8 | 9.6 | 9.2 | 5.3 | 3.7 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 3.1 | 6.8 | 10.1 | 60.9 |
Source: NOAA[36][40][41], Western Regional Climate Center[42] |
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record high °F (°C) | 79 (26) |
81 (27) |
87 (31) |
94 (34) |
97 (36) |
103 (39) |
99 (37) |
98 (37) |
106 (41) |
102 (39) |
86 (30) |
76 (24) |
106 (41) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 67.1 (19.5) |
71.8 (22.1) |
76.4 (24.7) |
80.7 (27.1) |
81.4 (27.4) |
84.6 (29.2) |
80.5 (26.9) |
83.4 (28.6) |
90.8 (32.7) |
87.9 (31.1) |
75.8 (24.3) |
66.4 (19.1) |
94.0 (34.4) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 57.8 (14.3) |
60.4 (15.8) |
62.1 (16.7) |
63.0 (17.2) |
64.1 (17.8) |
66.5 (19.2) |
66.3 (19.1) |
67.9 (19.9) |
70.2 (21.2) |
69.8 (21.0) |
63.7 (17.6) |
57.9 (14.4) |
64.1 (17.8) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 52.2 (11.2) |
54.2 (12.3) |
55.5 (13.1) |
56.4 (13.6) |
57.8 (14.3) |
59.7 (15.4) |
60.3 (15.7) |
61.7 (16.5) |
62.9 (17.2) |
62.1 (16.7) |
57.2 (14.0) |
52.5 (11.4) |
57.7 (14.3) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 46.6 (8.1) |
47.9 (8.8) |
48.9 (9.4) |
49.7 (9.8) |
51.4 (10.8) |
53.0 (11.7) |
54.4 (12.4) |
55.5 (13.1) |
55.6 (13.1) |
54.4 (12.4) |
50.7 (10.4) |
47.0 (8.3) |
51.3 (10.7) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 40.5 (4.7) |
42.0 (5.6) |
43.7 (6.5) |
45.0 (7.2) |
48.0 (8.9) |
50.1 (10.1) |
51.6 (10.9) |
52.9 (11.6) |
52.0 (11.1) |
49.9 (9.9) |
44.9 (7.2) |
40.7 (4.8) |
38.8 (3.8) |
Record low °F (°C) | 29 (−2) |
31 (−1) |
33 (1) |
40 (4) |
42 (6) |
46 (8) |
47 (8) |
46 (8) |
47 (8) |
43 (6) |
38 (3) |
27 (−3) |
27 (−3) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 4.40 (112) |
4.37 (111) |
3.15 (80) |
1.60 (41) |
0.70 (18) |
0.20 (5.1) |
0.01 (0.25) |
0.06 (1.5) |
0.10 (2.5) |
0.94 (24) |
2.60 (66) |
4.76 (121) |
22.89 (581) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 11.2 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 6.8 | 4.0 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 3.5 | 7.9 | 11.6 | 71.2 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
80 | 77 | 75 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 75 | 75 | 73 | 71 | 75 | 78 | 75 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 185.9 | 207.7 | 269.1 | 309.3 | 325.1 | 311.4 | 313.3 | 287.4 | 271.4 | 247.1 | 173.4 | 160.6 | 3,061.7 |
Percent possible sunshine | 61 | 69 | 73 | 78 | 74 | 70 | 70 | 68 | 73 | 71 | 57 | 54 | 69 |
Average ultraviolet index | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
Source 1: NOAA (sun 1961–1974)[43][44][45][46] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Met Office (humidity)[47], Weather Atlas (UV)[48] |
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record high °F (°C) | 88 (31) |
91 (33) |
99 (37) |
98 (37) |
98 (37) |
101 (38) |
100 (38) |
98 (37) |
111 (44) |
107 (42) |
100 (38) |
88 (31) |
111 (44) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 78.8 (26.0) |
78.6 (25.9) |
80.2 (26.8) |
82.1 (27.8) |
79.3 (26.3) |
79.6 (26.4) |
82.9 (28.3) |
85.2 (29.6) |
90.6 (32.6) |
87.8 (31.0) |
85.4 (29.7) |
77.0 (25.0) |
94.0 (34.4) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 66.4 (19.1) |
66.2 (19.0) |
67.0 (19.4) |
68.8 (20.4) |
69.5 (20.8) |
71.7 (22.1) |
75.3 (24.1) |
77.3 (25.2) |
77.2 (25.1) |
74.6 (23.7) |
70.7 (21.5) |
66.0 (18.9) |
70.9 (21.6) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 58.4 (14.7) |
59.0 (15.0) |
60.7 (15.9) |
62.9 (17.2) |
64.8 (18.2) |
67.2 (19.6) |
70.7 (21.5) |
72.4 (22.4) |
71.7 (22.1) |
68.1 (20.1) |
62.7 (17.1) |
57.9 (14.4) |
64.7 (18.2) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 50.3 (10.2) |
51.8 (11.0) |
54.5 (12.5) |
57.1 (13.9) |
60.0 (15.6) |
62.6 (17.0) |
66.1 (18.9) |
67.5 (19.7) |
66.2 (19.0) |
61.5 (16.4) |
54.8 (12.7) |
49.8 (9.9) |
58.5 (14.7) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 43.7 (6.5) |
46.1 (7.8) |
48.7 (9.3) |
51.9 (11.1) |
55.8 (13.2) |
59.3 (15.2) |
63.0 (17.2) |
63.9 (17.7) |
61.8 (16.6) |
55.5 (13.1) |
48.2 (9.0) |
43.0 (6.1) |
42.6 (5.9) |
Record low °F (°C) | 25 (−4) |
34 (1) |
36 (2) |
39 (4) |
45 (7) |
50 (10) |
54 (12) |
54 (12) |
50 (10) |
43 (6) |
36 (2) |
32 (0) |
25 (−4) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.98 (50) |
2.20 (56) |
1.46 (37) |
0.65 (17) |
0.28 (7.1) |
0.05 (1.3) |
0.08 (2.0) |
0.01 (0.25) |
0.12 (3.0) |
0.50 (13) |
0.79 (20) |
1.67 (42) |
9.79 (249) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.5 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 5.8 | 40.3 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
63.1 | 65.7 | 67.3 | 67.0 | 70.6 | 74.0 | 74.6 | 74.1 | 72.7 | 69.4 | 66.3 | 63.7 | 69.0 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 42.8 (6.0) |
45.3 (7.4) |
47.3 (8.5) |
49.5 (9.7) |
53.1 (11.7) |
57.0 (13.9) |
61.2 (16.2) |
62.4 (16.9) |
60.6 (15.9) |
55.6 (13.1) |
48.6 (9.2) |
43.2 (6.2) |
52.2 (11.2) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 239.3 | 227.4 | 261.0 | 276.2 | 250.5 | 242.4 | 304.7 | 295.0 | 253.3 | 243.4 | 230.1 | 231.3 | 3,054.6 |
Percent possible sunshine | 75 | 74 | 70 | 71 | 58 | 57 | 70 | 71 | 68 | 69 | 73 | 74 | 69 |
Source: |
- ^ Mean maxima and minima (i.e., the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ Official records for Fresno kept September 1881 to 15 August 1887 at downtown, 16 August 1887 to June 1939 at Fresno City Offices, July 1939 to 20 August 1949 at Chandler Field, and at Fresno Yosemite Int'l since 21 August 1949. For more information, see Threadex
- ^ Official records for Sacramento were kept exclusively at the airport since 10 November 1941.[35]
- ^ The coordinates of the station are 37°46′14″N 122°25′37″W / 37.7706°N 122.4269°W. Precipitation, high temperature, low temperature, snow, and snow depth records date from October 1, 1849; June 1, 1874; January 1, 1875; January 1, 1876; and January 1, 1922; respectively.
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
Precipitation
The prevailing westerly winds from the oceans also bring
The Central Valley has a wide range of precipitation. The northern parts of the Central Valley receive substantially greater precipitation from winter storms which sweep down from the Pacific Northwest, while the southernmost regions of the Central Valley are near desert-like because of a lack of precipitation.
The high mountains, including the
On the east side of the mountains is a drier
The ENSO cycle has a huge effect on rainfall and snowfall patterns in California, especially during the winter and spring seasons. During the El Niño phase, the jet stream is located south through California, allowing for warmer temperatures and more heavy rains to occur, particularly in the southern portions of the state. During the La Niña phase, the jet stream is much further north, and therefore the far northern portions of California are wetter, while the southern half stays cool and dry.
Fog
Incidences of dense fog in Los Angeles have been decreasing over time; researchers surmise the change may be a consequence of both the urban heat Island effect and decreased air pollution.[53]
In the Central Valley during the winter months and in times of clear skies and light winds, the moisture from the Pacific can produce the
Tornadoes
Across the state, tornadoes develop in three main regions – the Los Angeles area, the deserts of Southern California, the Central Valley. However, they are typically weaker and shorter-lived than tornadoes in the central United States.[57][58] Because of their irregular and short-lived nature, the San Diego National Weather Service considers it "nearly impossible to forecast a Southern California tornado before it touches down." The agency utilizes a volunteer group of more than 1,300 volunteers to report local severe weather.[59] The most California tornadoes on a single day in the state was seven, which occurred on November 9, 1982.[58] In July 2004, a twister touched down in Sequoia National Park at an altitude of around 12,156 ft (3,705 m), making it the highest elevation for a confirmed tornado in the United States.[60]
Tropical cyclones
Despite its long coastline, California is not vulnerable to
Wildfires
Summers in inland
On occasion, fire whirls or fire tornadoes can develop within wildfires. One such event was rated an EF3, which developed in Redding in Shasta County within the Carr Fire. The fire whirl produced winds over 143 mph (230 km/h), killing four people and injuring six others.[61]
Winds
In February 2017, a winter storm produced a wind gust of 199 mph (320 km/h) at Ward Peak in Alpine Meadows ski resort.[62]
Glossary
The following are terms used to describe local or regional weather events.
- "Earthquake weather": Any nonseasonal, uncomfortable weather, typically hot and more humid than usual, and often associated with high and mid-level clouds, is spoken of as "earthquake weather", although there is no scientific basis for that relationship.[63]
- Marine layer: The cool, moist layer of air coming in from the ocean which typically includes fog. A standard weather phenomenon along the northern and central California coast from late spring to early fall.
- May Gray/June Gloom: A characteristic weather pattern of late spring (May and June) in which a combination of inland heat, off-shore cool water, and prevailing wind patterns bring foggy and overcast weather to coastal regions. From Point Conception northwards the gloom continues until early autumn. (See also: Catalina eddy)
- Santa Barbara County.
- adiabatic compression as the air flows from the higher elevations down to sea level); during Santa Ana conditions, it is typically hotter along the coast than in the deserts. As the Santa Ana winds are channeled through the mountain passes they can approach hurricane force. The combination of speed, heat, and dryness turns the chaparral into explosive fuel for wildfires.
- tule grass wetlands of the Central Valley. Tule fog can extend from Bakersfield to Chico. Accidents caused by the tule fog are the leading cause of weather-related deaths in California; visibility is usually less than an eighth of a mile (about 600 feet or 183–200 m), but can be less than 10 feet (3 m).
See also
- Climate change in California
- Climate of southern California
- Floods in California
- List of wettest known tropical cyclones in California
References
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- ^ "San Francisco Oceanside, California". National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 1981-2010 Monthly Normals. Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
- ^ average temperatures in Walnut Creek.
- ^ Average temperatures in Santa Monica compared to average temperatures in Burbank.
- ^ 1981–2010 Monthly Climate Normals
- 'Aziziya, Libya, on September 13, 1922, has been officially deemed invalid by the World Meteorological Organization.)
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization World Weather / Climate Extremes Archive". Archived from the original on January 4, 2013. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
- ^ "Alturas, California". National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 1981-2010 Monthly Normals. Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
- ^ "Bakersfield Airport, California". National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 1981-2010 Monthly Normals. Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
- ^ "Bishop Airport, California". National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 1981-2010 Monthly Normals. Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
- ^ "Bodie, California". National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 1981-2010 Monthly Normals. Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
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- ^ "Eureka WFO Woodley Island, California". National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 1981-2010 Monthly Normals. Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
- ^ "Fresno Yosemite International Airport, California". National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 1981-2010 Monthly Normals. Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
- ^ "Los Angeles Downtown University of Southern California Campus, California". National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 1981-2010 Monthly Normals. Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
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- ^ Conner, Glen. History of weather observations San Diego, California 1849–1948. Climate Database Modernization Program, NOAA's National Climatic Data Center. pp. 7–8.
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- ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on August 8, 2023. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
- ^ "San Diego/Lindbergh Field CA Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on August 8, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- ISSN 0272-3646.
- ^ "Radiation Fog". National Weather Service. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ^ "Best Practices for Road Weather Management". United States Department of Transportation. June 22, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ^ Rong-Gong Lin II; Kenneth R. Weiss (November 4, 2007). "2 killed in huge pileup in tule fog on California 99". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ^ James H. Mathews (September 2009). The Presidents' Day 2005 Tornadoes in the Southern Sacramento Valley of Northern California (PDF). Sacramento, California National Weather Service (Report). Retrieved August 22, 2023.
- ^ a b John E. Hales, Jr. (June 1985). "Synoptic Features Associated with Los Angeles Tornado Occurrences" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 66 (6). Retrieved December 14, 2023.
- ^ Miguel Miller, ed. (2012). The Weather Guide: A Weather Information Companion for the forecast area of the National Weather Service in San Diego (PDF). San Diego National Weather Service (Report) (6th ed.).
- ^ John P. Monteverdi; Roger Edwards; Gregory A. Stumpf (November 1, 2014). "An Analysis of the 7 July 2004 Rockwell Pass, California, Tornado: Highest-Elevation Tornado Documented in the United States" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 142 (11). Retrieved August 31, 2023.
- ^ National Centers for Environmental Information. "High Wind Event Report". Storm Event Database. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 15, 2023.
- ^ "California Has A New Wind-Speed Record: 199 MPH". CBS Sacramento. Associated Press. January 12, 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2024.
- ^ Miller, Craig (June 27, 2019). "No, Earthquake Weather Is Not a Real Thing". Bay Curious. KQED.
External links
- More about the climate of California Archived July 21, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- Climate of Northwest California