Comedy of manners

In English literature, the term comedy of manners (also anti-sentimental comedy) describes a genre of realistic, satirical

rake of English Restoration comedy.^[2] The clever plot of a comedy of manners (usually a scandal) is secondary to the social commentary thematically presented through the witty dialogue of the characters, e.g. The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), by Oscar Wilde, which satirises the sexual hypocrisies of Victorian morality

.

The comedy-of-manners genre originated in the

The Misanthrope (1666), which satirise the hypocrisies and pretensions of the ancien régime

that ruled France from the late 15th century to the 18th century.

Early examples

The comedy of manners has been employed by Roman satirists since as early as the first century BC. Horace's Satire 1.9 is a prominent example, in which the persona is unable to express his wish for his companion to leave, but instead subtly implies so through wit.

William Congreve (The Way of the World, 1700). In the late 18th century Oliver Goldsmith (She Stoops to Conquer, 1773) and Richard Brinsley Sheridan (The Rivals, 1775; The School for Scandal

, 1777) revived the form.

More recent examples

The tradition of elaborate, artificial plotting, and epigrammatic dialogue was carried on by the Irish playwright

Somerset Maugham. Other early twentieth-century examples of comedies of manners include George Bernard Shaw's 1913 play Pygmalion (later adapted into the musical My Fair Lady), E. M. Forster's A Room with a View, and the Jeeves and Wooster stories of P. G. Wodehouse

.

The term comedy of menace, which British drama critic Irving Wardle based on the subtitle of The Lunatic View: A Comedy of Menace (1958), by David Campton, is a jocular play-on-words derived from the "comedy of manners" (menace being manners pronounced with a somewhat Judeo-English accent).^[3] Harold Pinter's play The Homecoming has been described as a mid-twentieth-century "comedy of manners".^[3]

Other more recent examples include

The Little Dog Laughed. In Boston Marriage (1999), David Mamet

chronicles a sexual relationship between two women, one of whom has her eye on yet another young woman (who never appears, but who is the target of a seduction scheme). Periodically, the two women make their serving woman the butt of haughty jokes, serving to point up the satire on class. Though displaying the verbal dexterity one associates with both the playwright and the genre, the patina of wit occasionally erupts into shocking crudity.

Comedies of manners have been a staple of British film and television. The

The League of Gentlemen also contain many elements of the genre. Though less common as a genre in American television, series such as Frasier, King of the Hill, Ugly Betty, Soap, and The Nanny

are also comedies of manners.

References

^ A Handbook to Literature Fourth Edition (1980), C. Hugh Holman, Ed., pp. 91–92
^ George Henry Nettleton, Arthur British dramatists from Dryden to Sheridan p.149
^ ^a ^b Susan Hollis Merritt, Pinter in Play: Critical Strategies and the Plays of Harold Pinter (Durham & London, 1990: Duke UP, 1995) 5, 9–10, 225–28, 240.

External links

David Campton, Samuel French London (archived 4 November 2007).

[1] A Handbook to Literature Fourth Edition (1980), C. Hugh Holman, Ed., pp. 91–92

[2] George Henry Nettleton, Arthur British dramatists from Dryden to Sheridan p.149

[Merritt-3] Susan Hollis Merritt, Pinter in Play: Critical Strategies and the Plays of Harold Pinter (Durham & London, 1990: Duke UP, 1995) 5, 9–10, 225–28, 240.

[2]

[3]