Comicranga

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Comicranga was a coastal

Mexican California, who was among the few indigenous people to receive a land grant. As a young widow, she married Scottish immigrant Hugo Reid, who became a naturalized Mexican citizen.[3] The village is referred in various records and spellings to as Comigranga, Comicraibit, Comicrabit, and possibly Coronababit.[4]

History

Indigenous

The village was connected to the Chumash (pictured with a tomol) through marriage ties.

The village was established in the coastal region of western

Shell mounds were also likely a part of the village.[9][10]

The people in the village was connected to the Chumash through marriage ties.[4] The village was located near Guashna.[4]

Mission San Gabriel

Following the Spanish establishment of Mission San Gabriel in 1771, the colonists gradually drew villagers away from surrounding settlements. They were brought to the mission for conversion to Christianity and to provide a labor force to work the mission grounds. Villagers worked in de facto slave conditions that third-party observers at Mission San Gabriel viewed with repulsion.[11]

The earliest recorded baptisms of people being taken to Mission San Gabriel began in 1790. These baptisms reportedly peaked around 1803 and 1805, and then dropped off by 1819. This was around the same time that ranchers began to acquire land in the area of the village.[4]

In 1812, it was recorded by Franciscan missionaries that a language dialect may have originated from the village which they referred to as "Kokomcar."[2]

Many of the villagers died at the mission. There were a total of 7,854 baptisms (2,459 children) and 5,656 deaths (2,916 children) until

Mission San Gabriel reported that three out of every four children born died before reaching the age of two.[13]

The mission period ended with the passage of the Mexican secularization act in 1833 by the First Mexican Republic. Secularization at Mission San Gabriel occurring shortly after.[12]

Victoria Bartolomea Reid

Main article: Victoria Reid

Bartolomea was born at Comicranga between 1808 and 1810 as the daughter of the chief of the village and his wife.[14] Missionaries took her from the village and her parents at the age of six, for conversion to Christianity at Mission San Gabriel. There she lived with other girls, single women and widows in a guarded dormitory.[15] After an approved marriage to an indio chosen by the Franciscan fathers, she and her husband were granted a small portion of land. This passed to her at his death, and she was notable for receiving a larger land grant, Rancho Huerta de Cuati, in the Mexican era for her service to the mission.[16]

References

  1. ^ "City of Arcadia, CA". www.arcadiaca.gov. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  2. ^
    OCLC 54669648.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link
    )
  3. OCLC 61330208
    .
  4. ^ a b c d "At the Base of the Bluff" (PDF). July 2003. p. 24.
  5. ^ Greene, Sean; Curwen, Thomas. "Mapping the Tongva villages of L.A.'s past". www.latimes.com. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
  6. OCLC 76901815
    .
  7. JSTOR 27672963
    .
  8. OCLC 780446639
    .
  9. OCLC 276818569.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link
    )
  10. OCLC 16005763
    .
  11. ISBN 9780804738804
    . a clerk with the Jedediah Smith fur-trapping party spent considerable time observing his San Gabriel mission surroundings. He soon found himself unable to tolerate the site of the natives working in the nearby vineyards and fields. 'They are kept in great fear, and for the least offense they are corrected,' he confided in his diary. 'They are... complete slaves in every sense of the word.'
  12. ^ a b Guinn, James Miller (1907). History of the State of California and Biographical Record to Oakland and Environs: Also Containing Biographies of Well-known Citizens of the Past and Present (Digitized eBook). Historic Record Company. pp. 56–66.
  13. S2CID 161847670
    – via JSTOR.
  14. OCLC 70910964.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link
    )
  15. ^ "City of Arcadia, CA". www.arcadiaca.gov. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  16. OCLC 61330208
    .
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