Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (June 2008) |
Hawker de Havilland | |
Headquarters | , Australia |
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Key people |
The Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation (CAC) was an Australian aircraft manufacturer. The CAC was established in 1936, to provide Australia with the capability to produce military aircraft and engines.
History
In 1935 the Chief General Manager of
Shortly after the establishment of CAC,
While CAC largely produced Australian versions of foreign aircraft, it also developed a number of original designs during and after
In 1964 after a large amount of political lobbying CAC began producing components for the Sabre's replacement, a version of the
CAC produced an extremely wide range of aircraft for the Royal Australian Air Force and civilian operators. These aircraft included the:
- CAC CA-1, CA-3, CA-5, CA-7, CA-8, CA-9, CA-16 Wirraway (trainer and general purposes aircraft)
- CAC CA-2, CA-6 Wackett Trainer (trainer)
- CAC CA-12, CA-13, CA-14, CA-19 Boomerang (fighter)
- CAC CA-11 Woomera(prototype medium bomber)
- CAC CA-17 Mustang Mk.20, CA-18 Mk.21/22/23, CA-21 Mk.24(fighter, North American P-51 Mustang)
- CAC CA-15 "Kangaroo" (prototype fighter)
- CAC CA-28 Ceres(crop duster)
- CAC CA-22, CA-25 Winjeel (trainer)
- CAC CA-26, CA-27 Avon-Sabre (fighter)
- CAC CA-30 Macchi MB-326H (trainer)
- CAC CA-32 / Bell 206B Kiowa (light observation helicopter)
The Kiowa was the last type built by CAC. The company was part of the Australian Aircraft Consortium which designed the
Aircraft design and production
During its existence the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation produced over 1700 aircraft of all types, including prototypes and aircraft assembled locally from imported components. Of these, almost 550 were examples of aircraft types wholly designed by the company. The designations used by CAC reflected production or design work in fulfillment of different in-house projects or government contracts rather than different types produced (for instance the different designations for the Wackett and Winjeel prototypes compared to their production versions). Early types were given consecutive manufacturer's construction numbers (c/nos.), while later types (beginning with the production version of the Winjeel) were given c/nos. with the model number as a prefix. Construction numbers 1210 to 1224 appear not to have been assigned. The list of company designations and construction numbers is:
- CA-1 First Wirraway production contract; 40 built (c/nos. 1–40)
- CA-2 Wackett prototypes; two built (c/nos. 101, 102)
- CA-3 Second Wirraway production contract; 60 built (c/nos. 41–100)
- CA-4 Woomera prototype; one built (c/no. 435)
- CA-5 Third Wirraway production contract; 32 built (c/nos. 103–134)
- CA-6 Wackett production contract; 200 built (c/nos. 235–434)
- CA-7 Fourth Wirraway production contract; 100 built (c/nos. 135–234)
- CA-8 Fifth Wirraway production contract; 200 built (c/nos. 436–635)
- CA-9 Sixth Wirraway production contract; 188 built (c/nos. 636–823)
- CA-10 Proposed Wirraway variant not built (see CAC Wirraway for CA-10A)
- CA-11 Woomera production contract for 105 aircraft. Contract cancelled, only one aircraft flew (101 c/nos. assigned, 1225–1325)
- CA-12 First Boomerang production contract; 105 built (c/nos. 824–928)
- CA-13 Second Boomerang production contract; 95 built (c/nos. 929–1023)
- CA-14 Experimental Boomerang fitted with turbocharger; one built (c/no. 1074).[1]
- CA-15 Single-seat fighter; one built (c/n 1073).[1]
- CA-16 Seventh (and final) Wirraway production contract; 135 built (c/nos. 1075–1209)
- CA-17 First Mustang production contract; 80 assembled from imported components (c/nos. 1326–1405, 1326–1345 also assigned North American c/nos. NA110-34366 to -34385)[2]
- CA-18 Second Mustang production contract; 120 built, production of a further 50 cancelled (c/nos. 1406–1525).[2]
- CA-19 Third (and final) Boomerang production contract; 49 built (c/nos. 1024–1072)
- CA-20 Contract to modify Wirraways for use by the RAN (see CAC Wirraway); 17 modified
- CA-21 Third (and final) Mustang production contract for 100 aircraft; contract cancelled, none built
- CA-22 Winjeel prototypes; two built (c/nos. 1526, 1527)[2]
- CA-23 Designation of a two-seat twin-engined supersonic jet fighter design. None built but extensive design work undertaken (see CAC CA-23)
- CA-24 Contract for production of 72 of variant of the Hawker P.1081; none built
- CA-25 Winjeel production contract; 62 built (c/nos. CA25-1 to -62)
- CA-26 Sabre prototype; one built (c/no. 1528).[3]
- CA-27 Sabre production contract; 111 built (c/nos. CA27-1 to -111)
- CA-28 Ceres production, built as private venture; 21 built (c/nos. CA28-1 to -21)
- CA-29 Production sub-contract for wings, fins, rudders, tailcones and engines of GAF-built variant of Mirage IIIE; 101 airframe shipsets and 140 engines built
- CA-30 Macchi production contract; 20 assembled from imported components plus 77 built (c/nos. CA30-1 to -97, CA30-1 to -13 and -15 to -21 also assigned non-consecutive Aermacchi c/nos. between 6351 and 6395)
- CA-31 Jet trainer design; none built[citation needed] (Macchi built instead).[clarification needed]
- CA-32 Kiowa production contract; 12 assembled from imported components plus 44 built (c/nos. CA32-13 to -56, all 56 aircraft also assigned Bell c/nos. 44501-44556)
- CA-33 Contract for modifications to the RAAF fleet of Defence Science & Organisation(DSTO)) and associated systems after delivery of each aircraft from the USA; 20 aircraft modified (contract completed as HdHV)
- CA-34 Designation used for CAC's participation in the A10 Wamira project
- CA-35 Contract for modifications to a LADSsystem developed by the DSTO (contract completed as HdHV)
- CA-36 Production sub-contract for the wing pylons, engine access panels, aft nozzle fairings, aircraft-mounted accessory drive gearboxes and engines for the GAF-built version of the F/A-18 Hornet; 73 airframe shipsets and 158 complete engines built, plus parts of another 17 engines (contract completed as HdHV)
Aero-engine production
Engine types produced by CAC include the:
- Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp built for the Wirraway
- Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp built for the Boomerang, Woomera and DAP Beaufort
- Rolls-Royce Merlin built for the GAF Lincoln
- Rolls-Royce Nene built for versions of the de Havilland Vampire manufactured by de Havilland Australia
- Rolls-Royce Avon built for the Sabre and GAF Canberra
- Snecma Atar built for the Mirage
- Bristol Siddeley Viperbuilt for the Macchi MB-326H
- General Electric F404 built for versions of the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet manufactured by the Government Aircraft Factories/Aerospace Technologies of Australia
Bus body building
To supplement revenue and retain skilled sheet metal workers, CAC produced and bodied buses based on Bedford chassis under the brand name of Comair. CAC major shareholder in the 1950s was General Motors Holden and from 1946 until 1973, Comair produced over 3,600 bus bodies, primarily on Bedford OB, SB and VAM 70 chassis for Victorian operators.[4][5] Subsequently, General Motors Holden divested its shareholding in CAC and the company signed a licensing agreement to build VöV-Standard-Bus bodies on MAN chassis.[6][7] It bodied 135 MAN SL200 chassis for ACTION.[8] It resumed production on Bedford chassis in 1977, but only a few were produced.[9][10]
See also
References
Notes
- ^ a b One source (ADF Serials) lists both aircraft as having c/no. 1074
- ^ a b c The series of books written by Stewart Wilson lists c/nos. for these aircraft as being different by 100, i.e first Mustang as c/no. 1226, Winjeel prototypes as c/nos. 1426 and 1427 etc. However, surviving civil-registered CAC Mustangs operated as warbirds have c/nos. in the 1326–1525 block
- ^ Sources list the c/no. as 1428, but this was assigned to a Mustang
- ^ CAC to end bus assembly; will continue to make parts Truck & Bus Transportation November 1972 page 132
- ^ CAC back in private bus building Truck & Bus Transportation March 1978 page 106
- ^ Suppliers Railway Gazette International December 1976 page 447
- NetworkFebruary 1977 page 22
- Fleetlineissue 16 November 1976 page 18
- ^ A New (Old) Bus Body Builder Fleetline issue 25 August 1977 page 12
- ^ Bus Manufacturers Electric Traction May 1978 page 85
Bibliography
- Chapman, John; Goodall, Geoff & Coggan, Paul. Warbirds Worldwide Directory: An International Survey of the World's Warbird Population. Warbirds Worldwide Ltd. ISBN 1-870601-27-0
- Bell, Dana ed. The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Directory of Airplanes, Their Designers and Manufacturers. ISBN 1-85367-490-7
- Boeing Australia Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation – History
- Meggs, Keith. The Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation
- Wilson, Stewart. Spitfire, Mustang and Kittyhawk in Australian Service. Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd ISBN 0-9587978-1-1
- Wilson, Stewart. Meteor, Sabre and Mirage in Australian Service. Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd ISBN 0-9587978-2-X
- Wilson, Stewart. Catalina, Neptune and Orion in Australian Service. Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd ISBN 0-9587978-7-0
- Wilson, Stewart. Wirraway, Boomerang & CA-15 in Australian Service. Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd ISBN 0-9587978-8-9
- Wilson, Stewart. Phantom, Hornet and Skyhawk in Australian Service. Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd ISBN 1-875671-03-X
- Wilson, Stewart. Vampire, Macchi and Iroquois in Australian Service. Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd ISBN 1-875671-07-2
- Wilson, Stewart. Tiger Moth, CT-4, Wackett & Winjeel in Australian Service. Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd ISBN 1-875671-16-1
- Wilson, Stewart. Military Aircraft of Australia. Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd ISBN 1-875671-08-0