Confessional
A confessional is a box, cabinet, booth, or stall in which the
The confessional is usually a wooden structure, with a centre compartment—entered through a door or curtain—in which the priest sits, and on each side there is a latticed opening for the penitents to speak through and a step on which they kneel. By this arrangement the priest is hidden, but the penitent is visible to the public. Confessionals sometimes form part of the architectural scheme of the church; many finely decorated specimens, dating from the late 16th and the 17th centuries, are found in churches on the continent of Europe. A notable example, in Renaissance style, is in the Saint Michael's church at Leuven. But more usually, confessionals are movable pieces of furniture.[2]
In modern practice of the Catholic, Lutheran and Anglican churches, apart from receiving absolution in the confessional, many churches offer private Confession and Absolution at the
In Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy confessionals are not used: the confession often occurs in sight of other believers, e.g., those waiting in the row for the same purpose, but at some distance from them to not break the "seal of confession". Let it be understood that the "seal of confession" is technically of Roman usage.
History
The confessional in its modern form dates no farther back than the 16th century.
In the popular
In
In Italy, men's confessions were heard in the sacristy face to face,or the priest would draw aside the central confessional curtain which separated him the rest of the church and hear a man's confession. Women's confessions were heard in the confessional with a screen between priest and penitent. The maxim,"numquam solus cum sola" was strictly enforced by this method. Hearing a man's confession in the box became common in the United States for convenience sake as sacristies were not as vast as they were in Italian churches.
It would seem that the priest usually heard confessions at the chancel opening or at a bench end in the nave near the chancel. There is, however, in some churchwardens' accounts mention of a special seat: "the shryving stool", "shriving pew" or "shriving place". (On a related note, the observance of Shrove Tuesday is named after the practice of shriving/confession.)[6] At Lenham, in Kent, there is an ancient armchair in stone, with a stone bench and steps on one side, that appears to be a confessional.
With the revival of the practice of auricular confession in the Church of England, confessionals were introduced into some parishes with an Anglo-Catholic bent. Since, however, they formed no part of "the furniture of the church" in the "second year of King Edward VI", some have argued that they are not covered by the "Ornaments Rubric" in the Prayer-Book. The question of their legality was raised in 1900 in the case of Davey v. Hinde (vicar of the Church of the Annunciation at Brighton), tried before Dr Tristram in the consistory court of Chichester. They were condemned "on the ground that they are not articles of church furniture requisite for or conducive to conformity with the doctrine or practice of the Church of England in relation to the reception of confession".[2]
"Confessional", in the sense of a due payable for the right to hear confession, is now obsolete.[2]
Gallery
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Confessional in the open air in art. Cornelis van Alkemade: Behandeling van 't kamp regt, 1740
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Confessional at the Parma Cathedral
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A confessional in the
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A confessional in theRoman Catholic Visitationist Church with the light on to signal a priest is waiting inside, Warsaw, Poland
See also
References
- ISBN 978-1627935715.
- ^ a b c d e public domain: Phillips, Walter Alison (1911). "Confessional". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 904–905. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ 1983 Code of Canon Law, Canon 964.3
- ISBN 978-0521846073.
- ^ "Private Absolution and the Confessional Seal" (PDF). Evangelical Lutheran Synod. 1 October 2019. p. 2. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- ^ "Shrove Tuesday". Trinity Church. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
External links
- Media related to Confessionals at Wikimedia Commons