Corrida de Cori

Coordinates: 25°06′S 68°20′W / 25.100°S 68.333°W / -25.100; -68.333[1]: 44 
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Cerro Escorial summit area

25°06′S 68°20′W / 25.100°S 68.333°W / -25.100; -68.333[1]: 44  Corrida de Cori is a mountain range in Argentina and Chile. It consists of several aligned volcanoes, including Cerro Escorial, which exceed 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in elevation. The range, together with several local volcanoes, forms an alignment that may be controlled by a fault system. The volcanoes erupted mainly andesite and basaltic andesite, they were active in the Plio-Pleistocene with the most recent activity occurring at Cerro Escorial and at a cinder cone east of the range. There are two mines in the area, with a weather station nearby.

Geography and geomorphology

Corrida de Cori a range of Plio-Pleistocene volcanoes[2] of small to medium dimensions.[3]: 22  It is located in the Puna of South America,[4]: 2  Salta province of Argentina[5] and the Antofagasta Region of Chile. The boundary between the two countries was defined to run over this mountain range[6] and a number of border incidents relative to Argentina exploiting sulfur deposits in Chilean territory occurred in the mid-20th century.[7]

lava flows are evidence.[3]
: 22 

It forms a volcanic chain with Llullaillaco that extends towards Antofalla and Galán. This lineament is known as "Archibarca lineament".[12] Cerro Corrida de Cori and Cerro Negro are associated with the intersections between this lineament and east-northeast trending lineaments.[13] Fault zones on the area have controlled the rise of magma to the surface, probably facilitating the eruption of basaltic lavas.[2] Among these faults is the Imilac–Salina del Fraile lineament.[14]

Geological history

The Puna began to develop 15–20

K-Ar dates of 12 mya and 8.0 ± 0.3 have been found at Cerro Negro.[15]

A major

column collapse[17] and is known as the Caletones Cori,[18] Escorial or Corrida de Cori Ignimbrite.[4]: 2  Another ignimbrite is the La Casualidad Ignimbrite, it was erupted about 1.2 million years ago at Cerro Escorial.[3]
: 26 

Lava flows found on Escorial and Cerro Corrida de Cori are the latest volcanic events and post-date the

Vulcanian explosive activity. East of Corrida de Cori range a cinder cone accompanied by a much smaller vent was constructed on top of older eruption products and generated a lava flow that descended towards Salar Rio Grande. This cone may be of Holocene age,[19] considering the appearance of the blockly lava flows.[20] Present day geothermal activity is found at Lastarria and in form of fumarole spires, mud vents and warm springs at Escorial. Some of these originate by the summit lava flow of Cerro Escorial.[9][19]

Rocks and minerals

Corrida de Cori volcanism is

Trachydacite is found at Cerro Negro.[21] Phenocrysts include augite, hypersthene and plagioclase with rare olivine.[3]: 22  The basement beneath Corrida de Cori is mostly buried, but occasional outcrops indicate Paleozoic granites and sedimentary and volcanic rocks.[9]

Alteration by hydrothermal and fumarolic processes is widespread in this range. It has formed superficial sulfur deposits that have been mined at Cerro Escorial in the Mina Julia as well as deeper alteration which has been brought to the surface by the Cerro Escorial ignimbrite in form of quartz veins.[2] This hydrothermal alteration of susceptible rocks makes Corrida de Cori's peaks look snow-covered from a distance.[19] The Mina Julia sulfur mine was active until ~20 years before 2002,[9] from where a funicular bucket railway transported sulfur towards Mina la Casualidad by the salar.[19] Another mine is found east of Cerro Corrida de Cori.[4]: 3 

Climate

Weather measurements have been made in a weather station by a sulfur mine worker's camp,

insolation and strong winds result in high potential evaporation[25]: 270  reaching 1,392 millimetres per year (54.8 in/year). Based on precipitation maps, the annual precipitation reaches only 81 millimetres per year (3.2 in/year)[25]: 269  but a reported precipitation value is 35 millimetres per year (1.4 in/year).[24]

Weather reporting began in 1942.[26] Research in 1976–1977 found average temperatures of −5.5 °C (22.1 °F) with a daily variability of c. 9 °C (48 °F).[1]: 55  Wind in Corrida de Cori has been reported to have "a cooling power in winter similar to the South Pole in summer."[27] Wind speed reported in 1976–1977 after a row of measurements is 13.6 metres per second (45 ft/s) and air humidity about 40%.[1]: 64, 59  Winds are westerly and strongest in winter.[22]: 49  During winter, the lower summits of Corrida de Cori can be snow-covered.[9]

Climate data for Corrida de Cori (1956–1964)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.0
(50.0) 		9.1
(48.4) 		9.9
(49.8) 		7.9
(46.2) 		4.9
(40.8) 		4.6
(40.3) 		1.0
(33.8) 		2.9
(37.2) 		4.9
(40.8) 		10.9
(51.6) 		8.5
(47.3) 		9.9
(49.8) 		10.9
(51.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 5.7
(42.3) 		4.5
(40.1) 		3.7
(38.7) 		0.3
(32.5) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−5.3
(22.5) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		2.1
(35.8) 		5.5
(41.9) 		0.0
(32.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.4
(31.3) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		−9.0
(15.8) 		−9.9
(14.2) 		−8.9
(16.0) 		−7.4
(18.7) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		−4.8
(23.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −6.5
(20.3) 		−6.2
(20.8) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−8.6
(16.5) 		−10.6
(12.9) 		−12.7
(9.1) 		−13.3
(8.1) 		−13.1
(8.4) 		−11.9
(10.6) 		−9.7
(14.5) 		−8.6
(16.5) 		−6.0
(21.2) 		−9.5
(14.9)
Record low °C (°F) −13.2
(8.2) 		−12.2
(10.0) 		−14.2
(6.4) 		−18.2
(−0.8) 		−18.7
(−1.7) 		−25.2
(−13.4) 		−23.4
(−10.1) 		−21.7
(−7.1) 		−20.2
(−4.4) 		−21.2
(−6.2) 		−15.2
(4.6) 		−12.2
(10.0) 		−25.2
(−13.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 1.5
(0.06) 		3.3
(0.13) 		1.8
(0.07) 		0.5
(0.02) 		2.1
(0.08) 		1.0
(0.04) 		1.3
(0.05) 		3.7
(0.15) 		4.6
(0.18) 		0.7
(0.03) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.5
(0.02) 		21.1
(0.83)
Source: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional[28]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-3-7091-3980-6
    .
  2. ^ a b c Richards and Villeneuve 2002, p. 161
  3. ^ a b c d Zappettini, Eduardo O.; Blasco, Graciela; Ramallo, Eulogio Ernesto; González, Osvaldo Edgar (2001). Hoja Geológica 2569-II Socompa (Report). Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales.
  4. ^
    S2CID 224851225
    .
  5. S2CID 86391214
    .
  6. ^ Silva Echavarría, Germán (June 1997). "El problema de demarcación de Campo de Hielo Sur". U1940: 13. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024.
  7. ^ Fracchia, Antonio Luis Sapienza (2023). The Beagle Conflict: Argentina and Chile on the Brink of War Volume 1: 1904-1978. Vol. 36. Helion and Company. pp. 26–27.
  8. ^
    doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.10.006
    .
  9. ^ a b c d e f Richards and Villeneuve 2002, p. 175
  10. ^ a b Richards and Villeneuve 2002, p. 174
  11. Tucuman
    : 20th Chilean Geological Congress. p. 492. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  12. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.04.004
    .
  13. ^ Richards and Villeneuve 2002, p. 183
  14. ^ Naranjo et al. 2018, p. 636
  15. ^ a b Richards and Villeneuve 2002, p. 177
  16. ^ a b Richards and Villeneuve 2002, p. 180
  17. ^ Richards and Villeneuve 2002, p. 190
  18. ^ Naranjo et al. 2018, p. 635
  19. ^ a b c d Richards and Villeneuve 2002, pp. 181–182
  20. ^ "Unnamed". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. 1 May 2016.
  21. ^ Richards and Villeneuve 2002, p. 185
  22. ^
    ISBN 978-3-7091-5760-2
    .
  23. S2CID 247661586
    .
  24. ^ a b Ruthsatz, B. (2000). "Die Hartpolstermoore der Hochanden und ihre Artenviefalt. Ber. D. Reinh". Tüxen-Ges (in German). 12: 355 – via ResearchGate.
  25. ^
    JSTOR 3673064
    .
  26. ISSN 0003-0007
    .
  27. S2CID 85425740
    .
  28. ^ "Clima de Mina La Casualidad (4200msnm) y Mina Julia (5200msnm)" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Retrieved September 23, 2019.

Sources

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