Council of Three Fires

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Council of Three Fires" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

The Council of Three Fires (in

In this council, the Ojibwe were addressed as the "Older Brother," the Odawa as the "Middle Brother," and the Potawatomi as the "Younger Brother."[3] Consequently, whenever the three Anishinaabe nations are mentioned in this specific and consecutive order of Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi, it is an indicator implying Council of Three Fires as well. In addition, the Ojibwe are the "keepers of the faith," the Odawa are the "keepers of trade," and the Potawatomi are the designated "keepers/maintainers of/for the fire" (boodawaadam), which became the basis for their name Boodewaadamii (Ojibwe spelling) or Bodéwadmi (Potawatomi spelling).

Though the Three Fires had several meeting places,

• Treaty of Fort Niagara (1764) – as part of the Western Lakes Confederacy.

With the United States

• Treaty of Fort Harmar (1789) – implied
• Treaty of Greenville (1795) – implied
• Treaty of Fort Industry (1805) – not implied, though all 3 nations present
• Treaty of Detroit (1807) – not implied, though all 3 nations present
• Treaty of Brownstown (1808) – implied
• Treaty of Springwells
  (1815) – implied
• Treaty of St. Louis (1816)
• Treaty of Fort Meigs (1817) – not implied, though all 3 nations present
• Treaty of Chicago
  (1821) – not implied, though all 3 nations present
• First Treaty of Prairie du Chien (1825) – implied, as well as individually with the Ojibwe and Odawa.
• Second Treaty of Prairie du Chien (1829)
• Treaty of Washington (1836) with the Ojibwe and Odawa
• Treaty of Chicago (1833) – all 3 nations party to treaty

See also

• Mackinaw City, Michigan

Notes