Crabtree effect
The Crabtree effect, named after the English biochemist Herbert Grace Crabtree,
Ethanol formation in Crabtree-positive yeasts under strictly aerobic conditions was firstly thought to be caused by the inability of these organisms to increase the rate of respiration above a certain value. This critical value, above which alcoholic fermentation occurs, is dependent on the strain and the culture conditions.
For S. cerevisiae in aerobic conditions,[8] glucose concentrations below 150 mg/L did not result in ethanol production. Above this value, ethanol was formed with rates increasing up to a glucose concentration of 1000 mg/L. Thus, above 150 mg/L glucose the organism exhibited a Crabtree effect.[9]
It was the study of tumor cells that led to the discovery of the Crabtree effect.[10] Tumor cells have a similar metabolism, the Warburg effect, in which they favor glycolysis over the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.[11]
References
- PMID 16744238.
- ^ PMID 15864308.
- PMID 5969497.
- PMID 5969498.
- ^ van Dijken and Scheffers, 1986 J.P. van Dijken, W.A. Scheffers; Redox balances in the metabolism of sugars by yeasts; FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 32 (3) (1986), pp. 199-224; https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1097(86)90291-0
- PMID 2566299.
- S2CID 104433703.
- ^ Verduyn, C., Zomerdijk, T.P.L., van Dijken, J.P. et al. Continuous measurement of ethanol production by aerobic yeast suspensions with an enzyme electrode. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 19, 181–185 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00256451
- ^ Verduyn, C., Zomerdijk, T.P.L., van Dijken, J.P. et al. Continuous measurement of ethanol production by aerobic yeast suspensions with an enzyme electrode. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 19, 181–185 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00256451
- PMID 25988158.
- PMID 20804724.
Further reading
- Crabtree HG (1928). "The carbohydrate metabolism of certain pathological overgrowths". Biochem. J. 22 (5): 1289–98. PMID 16744142.