Creaky voice

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Creaky voice
◌̰
Encoding
Entity (decimal)̰
Unicode (hex)U+0330

In

intonation unit, it can also occur with a higher pitch.[3]
All contribute to make a speaker's voice sound creaky or raspy.

Short demonstration of vocal fry/creaky voice

In phonology

In the

glottal reinforcement. For example, an alternative phonetic transcription of attempt [əˈtʰemʔt] could be [əˈtʰem͡m̰t].[4]

In some languages, such as

Jalapa Mazatec, creaky voice has a phonemic status; that is, the presence or absence of creaky voice can change the meaning of a word.[5] In the International Phonetic Alphabet, creaky voice of a phone is represented by a diacritical tilde U+0330 ◌̰ COMBINING TILDE BELOW, for example [d̰]. The Danish prosodic feature stød is an example of a form of laryngealisation that has a phonemic function.[6] A slight degree of laryngealisation, occurring in some Korean language consonants for example, is called "stiff voice".[7]

Social aspects

Main article: Vocal fry register

Use of creaky voice across general speech and in singing is termed "vocal fry".

Some evidence exists of vocal fry becoming more common in the speech of young female speakers of American English in the early 21st century,[8] with researcher Ikuko Patricia Yuasa finding that college-age Americans perceived female creaky voice as "hesitant, nonaggressive, and informal but also educated, urban-oriented, and upwardly mobile."[8]

It is subsequently theorized that vocal fry may be a way for women to sound more "authoritative" and credible by using it to emulate the deeper male register.[9][10][11][12] Yuasa[8] further theorizes that because California is at the center of much of the entertainment industry, young Americans may unconsciously be using creaky voice more because of the media they consume.

See also

References

  1. PMID 18225701
    .
  2. ISBN 978-0-13-717893-3
    .
  3. PMID 28964062
    .
  4. S2CID 144338519. Archived
    (PDF) from the original on 2018-09-05.
  5. ISBN 978-0-521-00496-1
    . Retrieved 2012-06-30.
  6. ISBN 978-0-19-824268-0
    . p. 24: The Danish stød [...] is [...] a syllable prosody manifested by laryngealization.
  7. S2CID 123061263
    .
  8. ^
    doi:10.1215/00031283-2010-018
    .
  9. doi:10.1006/jpho.1996.0023. Archived
    (PDF) from the original on 2017-05-22.
  10. ISBN 9781138948785
    .
  11. PMID 5925528
    .
  12. S2CID 53275785
    .

Further reading
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